Identification of North American Commercial Pulpwoods and Pulp Fibres

Late Holocene environmental conditions in Coronation Gulf, southwestern Canadian Arctic Archipelago: evidence from dinoflagellate cysts, other non‐pollen palynomorphs, and pollen

“…Charcoal particles were classified using Doubleday and Smol (2005). Wood fibres were identified where possible, using Strelis and Kennedy (1967).…”

Identification of Fibre Components in Packaging Grade Papers

“…The identification of softwoods was performed mainly on the basis of cross-field pitting (pits in the crossings of longitudinal tracheids and the ray cells) of the thin-walled earlywood tracheids (Strelis & Kennedy 1967;Panshin & DeZeeuw 1980). The latewood tracheids have thick walls and narrower lumens, their cross-field pits are fewer, appear reduced in size, crowded and in most of the cases are not distinctive.…”

“…Although hardwoods are more complex in their anatomical structure and have greater diversity of cell types than softwoods, information from the vessel elements was the primary source for their identification. Fibres were excluded due to their similarity in morphology and only the presence of vascular or vasicentric tracheids was of diagnostic value as they occur in only a few species (Strelis & Kennedy 1967;Panshin & DeZeeuw 1980;Ilvessalo-Pfäffli 1995). According to the above, differentiation of hardwood species or genera was based on the features of vessel elements (size and shape, type of perforations, presence of spiral or reticulate thickenings, type of intervessel pitting, size, shape and arrangement of pits to ray parenchyma and presence of pits to vascular or vasicentric tracheids).…”

“…Nonwood fibres used for papermaking are derived from selected tissues of various monocotyledonous or decotelydonous plants (Parham & Kaustinen 1974). Due to this wide variety as well as to the difficulties in identifying individual species because of the similar morphology of cellular elements (Strelis & Kennedy 1967), identified components were grouped to grasses (agricultural residues and natural growing plants), bast and leaf fibres and fruit fibres (cotton). Attention was paid to the presence of cells other than fibres such as parenchyma, epidermal, vessel elements and rings from annular vessels, to the general shape of fibres including width and length and to the shape of fibre ends.…”

“…Identification of wood species in pulp is a rather complicated work process as all the tissue-distribution patterns have disappeared and attention must be focused on a relatively small number of details found on the fibres or vessel elements. Chemical and mechanical processing greatly diminishes the amount and quality of features useful for microscopic identification of fibre source (Strelis & Kennedy 1967). As a result in most of the cases identification is limited to the genus level or to a choice of similar genera (Panshin & DeZeeuw 1980;Parham & Gray 1990;Ilvessalo-Pfäffli 1995).…”