Identification of novel biomarker candidates for immunohistochemical diagnosis to distinguish low‐grade chondrosarcoma from enchondroma

Abstract

Abstract:Chondrosarcoma is the third most common primary bone cancer, requiring surgical resection. However, differentiation of low-grade chondrosarcoma (grade 1) from enchondroma that is benign and only requires regular follow-up is one of the most frequent diagnostic dilemmas facing orthopedic oncologists in clinical management.Although multiple techniques are applied to make the distinction, immunohistochemistry is an important ancillary technique, especially when a histopathological stain of specimen must be obtained in order to guarantee an accurate confirmation. Currently, no adequate immunohistochemical diagnostic protein biomarkers are available to distinguish low-grade chondrosarcoma from enchondroma. To discover novel protein biomarker candidates, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach was applied to directly compare formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded low-grade chondrosarcoma with enchondroma tissue samples. The proteomics analysis revealed 17 protein biomarker candidates. A principle was developed to prioritize the candidates using category and ranking. An algorithm, prioritization index of biomarker candidates for immunohistochemistry on tissue specimens (PIBIT), was developed to rank the candidates inside each category. Using the proteomics data and bioinformatics results, the PIBIT revealed periostin as a top candidate. Immunohistochemical staining of periostin in 23 low-grade chondrosarcoma and 31 enchondroma tissue specimens disclosed the specificity 87% and the sensitivity 70%.

Periostin expression in neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of bone and joint

“…Periostin expression was absent in other cartilage tumours including enchondroma and low/high-grade conventional chondrosarcoma. Our findings contrast with those of Lai and Chen [22], who identified periostin in chondrosarcoma and enchondroma using a commercial mouse monoclonal antibody TA804575 (OriGene Technologies, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA); in our study we employed a rabbit polyclonal antibody that had been characterised in previous investigations [13, 17]. In both chondroblastoma and clear cell chondrosarcoma, strong expression of periostin was noted in areas of chondroid matrix formation.…”

Fine needle aspiration evaluation of pancreatic lymphoma: A retrospective study of 25 cases in a single institution

“…9 Primary antibodies to AE1/AE3, CD3, CD5, CD10, CD20, CD23, CD30, CD45 (LCA), PAX5, BCL6, MUM1, cyclin D1, and Ki67 were used following the manufacturer's instructions and diluted to the optimal concentration. 9 Primary antibodies to AE1/AE3, CD3, CD5, CD10, CD20, CD23, CD30, CD45 (LCA), PAX5, BCL6, MUM1, cyclin D1, and Ki67 were used following the manufacturer's instructions and diluted to the optimal concentration.…”

“…Immunohistochemical stains were performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue according to the protocol published previously. 9 Primary antibodies to AE1/AE3, CD3, CD5, CD10, CD20, CD23, CD30, CD45 (LCA), PAX5, BCL6, MUM1, cyclin D1, and Ki67 were used following the manufacturer's instructions and diluted to the optimal concentration. All antibodies were obtained from Dako (Carpinteria, CA).…”

Fine-Needle Aspiration of Metastatic Central Type Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors in Patients with a Germ Cell Tumor

“…Thin sections cut from the paraffin-embedded cell blocks were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The immunocytochemical procedure was performed as previously described [9] and antibody dilution was carried out according to the manufacturer's protocols. All cytology reports and related clinical histories were retrospectively reviewed.…”