Identification of organic compounds in a mutagenic extract of a surface drinking water by a computerized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system (GC/MS/COM)

Coleman, W. Emile; Melton, Robert G.; Kopfler, Frederick C.; Barone, Karen A.; Aurand, Theresa A.; Jellison, Mark G.

doi:10.1021/es60165a012

Cited by 68 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Development and widespread application of coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry has provided a much greater appreciation of the nlumber and variety of organic chemicals that can be found in most drinking waters (1). For the most part, the large numbers of chemicals which are identifiable are present at very low concentrations, usually in fractions of a microgram per liter (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the most part, the large numbers of chemicals which are identifiable are present at very low concentrations, usually in fractions of a microgram per liter (1). However, in total, the amounts of organic material found in drinking waters derived from surface *Toxicology and Microbiology Division, Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Use of biological assay systems to assess the relative carcinogenic hazards of disinfection by-products.

Bull¹,

Robinson²,

Meier³

et al. 1982

Environ Health Perspect

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Other workers have clearly shown that most, if not all, drinking water in the U.S. contains chemicals that possess mutagenic and/or carcinogenic activity by using bacterial and in vitro methods. In the present work, increased numbers of tumors were observed with samples of organic material isolated from 5 U.S. cities administered as tumor initiators in mouse skin initiation/promotion studies. Only in one case was the result significantly different from control. In studies designed to test whether disinfection practice contributes significantly to the tumor initiating activity found in drinking water mixed results have been obtained. In one experiment, water disinfected by chlorination, ozonation or combined chlorine resulted in a significantly greater number of papillomas when compared to nondisinfected water. In two subsequent experiments, where water was obtained from the Ohio River at different times of the year, no evidence of increased initiating activity was observed with any disinfectant. Analysis of water obtained at the comparable times of the year for total organic halogen, and trihalomethane formation revealed a substantial variation in the formation of these products. Considering the problems such variability poses for estimating risks associated with disinfection by-products, a model system which makes use of commercially obtained humic acid as a substrate for chlorination was investigated using the Ames test. Humic and fulvic acids obtained from two surface waters as well as the commercially obtained humic acid were without activity in TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98 or TA 100 strains of S. typhimurium. Following treatment with a 0.8 molar ratio of chlorine (based on carbon) significant mutagenic activity was observed with all humic and fulvic acid samples. Comparisons of the specific mutagenic activity of the chlorinated products suggests that the commercial material might provide a useful model for studying health hazards associated with disinfection reactions by-products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of biological assay systems to assess the relative carcinogenic hazards of disinfection by-products.

Bull¹,

Robinson²,

Meier³

et al. 1982

Environ Health Perspect

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“…The countermeasures against toxic substances or musty odor cause substances in the source for water supply have become a serious subject with the pollution of environmental waters (Coleman et al, 1980;Nakasugi, 1993;Tanada et al, 1995;U. S. EPA, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodecomposition Behaviors of Pesticides in the Source for Water Supply Using an Alumina Carrier-Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst

Ishikawa¹,

Cho²,

Li³

et al. 2012

Food Industrial Processes - Methods and Equipment

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“…Since Rook (1) demonstrated the formation of chloroform and other chlorobrominated methanes resulting from the chlorination of water containing humic substances and inorganic bromine, a number of studies have confirmed and elaborated on the formation of halocompounds as by-products of the chlorination process (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The classes of halogenated compounds that are formed include acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons (aromatic and nonaromatic), ketones, and aldehydes (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The classes of halogenated compounds that are formed include acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons (aromatic and nonaromatic), ketones, and aldehydes (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the toxic interactions of disinfection by-products.

Laurie¹,

Bercz²,

Wessendarp³

et al. 1986

Environ Health Perspect

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A large number and variety of compounds are formed in the process of chlorinating drinking water. The classes of compounds formed include trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles, halophenols, and halopropanones. Many of the compounds have been shown to be toxic and are currently being further evaluated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).One group of the halopropanones found in chlorinated drinking water is the dichloropropanones. The toxicological properties of this group have not been well characterized. In addition, a number of investigators have shown that ketones potentiate the hepatotoxicity of haloalkanes. We conducted a series of studies to explore both the toxicity of the dichloropropanones and their potential interactions with a wellcharacterized haloalkane, carbon tetrachloride. A variety of toxicological and biochemical endpoints were used to evaluate the toxicity of the dichloropropanones and their interaction with CCI4, including cytochrome P-450 concentration, reduced glutathione levels, pentane generation, serum enzyme activities, and histopathology.Administration of 1,1-dichloropropanone (DCP) resulted in elevated serum enzymes associated with periportal necrosis. Glutathione levels were reduced by the administration of 1,1-DCP; pentane generation was not increased. When 1,1-DCP was given prior to CC14, the data were consistent with additivity. Administration of 1,3-DCP did not result in elevated serum enzymes, nor was there histopathologic evidence of necrosis. Glutathione levels and pentane generation in the 1,3-DCP-treated groups were the same as those of controls. Inhibition of the toxicologic effects of CCl4 in a dose-related manner was observed when 1,3-DCP was administered prior to CCl4.

show abstract

Identification of organic compounds in a mutagenic extract of a surface drinking water by a computerized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system (GC/MS/COM)

Cited by 68 publications

References 12 publications

Use of biological assay systems to assess the relative carcinogenic hazards of disinfection by-products.

Use of biological assay systems to assess the relative carcinogenic hazards of disinfection by-products.

Photodecomposition Behaviors of Pesticides in the Source for Water Supply Using an Alumina Carrier-Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst

Studies of the toxic interactions of disinfection by-products.

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