Identification of Phenolic Compounds in Petals of Nasturtium Flowers (Tropaeolum majus) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry and Determination of Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC)

Abstract

The contents and profile of polyphenols were analyzed in edible petals of nasturtium flowers (Tropaeolum majus) of three colors, and their oxygen radical absorbance capacities (ORAC) were compared. Three primary anthocyanins (ACNs) and 15 non-ACN phenolic compounds including hydroxycinammic acids (HCAs) and flavonoids (myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol derivatives) were detected. Anthocyanin concentration was within 31.9 ± 21.7 and 114.5 ± 2.3 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside (cy-3-glu)/100 g fresh weight (FW) in yellow and red petals, respectively. The concentration of HCAs varied between 33.3 ± 7.1 and 235.6 ± 8.1 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents/100 g FW for red and yellow flowers, respectively. Red flowers had the highest level of flavonoids (315.1 ± 2.4 mg myricetin equivalents/100 g FW) and the highest ORAC radical-scavenging activity. These results show the diversity and abundance of polyphenolic compounds in nasturtium flowers, which could be the basis for applications in functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

Physicochemical quality, antioxidant capacity and nutritional value of edible flowers of some wild dahlia species

“…As can be seen in Table 5, the cultivated species (D. × hortorum) of cherry colour showed the highest concentration of TAn (14.74, 12.03 and 11.97 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside 100 g -1 FW). These results were lower than those reported by Garzón et al (2015) in orange and red flowers of Tropaeolum majus (108.8 and 168.0 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside 100 g -1 FW, respectively); however, they are similar to those obtained by Benvenuti et al (2016) in red flowers of Dianthus × barbatus, Pelargonium peltatum and Viola × wittrockiana (13.3, 12.5 and 12.4 mg cyanidin-3glucoside 100 g -1 FW, respectively). Lara-Cortés et al.…”

“…These results are comparable to those reported in edible flowers of Capparis spinosa and Hedysarum coronarium (5.8 and 8.0 mg QE g -1 of dry extract, respectively), but lower than those of Sambucus nigra (23.6 mg QE g -1 dry extract) indicated by Loizzo et al (2016), who also found that routine and quercetin were the main flavonoids. The higher concentration of flavonoids in D. coccinea, whose flowers are orange, confirms that the colour orange is related to the presence of flavonoids (Garzón et al, 2015), as does the yellow colour of the flowers of different edible plants (Liu et al¸ 2016). Similarly, it is important to note that D. coccinea showed a significant increase in the TFl value at the end of the evaluation, which may be associated with the presence of specific flavonoids (quercetin, naringenin, butein and apigenin) in the dahlia petals (Lara-Cortés et al, 2014;Pires et al, 2018), given their ability to eliminate reactive oxygen species as a response to the beginning of the senescence process, as described by Zhao et al (2012) in flowers of three cultivars of Paeonia lactiflora.…”

Antioxidant activity of Qingke (highland hull‐less barley) after extraction/hydrolysis and in vitro simulated digestion

“…Antioxidants were extracted according to Garzón, Manns, Riedl, Schwartz, and Padilla-Zakour (2015) with modifications. To extract the soluble antioxidants (SAOs), the sample flours (0.1 g) were suspended into 2 ml of 50% (v/v) ethanol.…”

Compact Conjugated Polymer Dots with Covalently Incorporated Metalloporphyrins for Hypoxia Bioimaging

“…So, oxygen sensing can be applied for cancer diagnosis and the evaluation of a therapeutic effect . Chromatography, electrochemistry, and luminescence methods have all been developed for oxygen monitoring . However, chromatography is not suitable for biosensing and needs complex equipment; a needle microelectrode needs to be inserted into the tumor site in the electrochemistry method, which is invasive, and furthermore, this technique cannot be used for cellular sensing.…”