Identification of phototransformation products of the antiepileptic drug gabapentin: Biodegradability and initial assessment of toxicity

Herrmann, Manuel; Menz, Jakob; Olsson, Oliver; Kümmerer, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.004

Cited by 58 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…From these results, 32 pharmaceuticals were 133 selected due to either their known or expected presence. An additional compound, 134 gabapentin, was also included in the study due to its high usage, resistance to 135 environmental degradation, and ecotoxic potential (Herrmann et al, 2015). 136…”

Section: Study Area and Sample Collection 129mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial variation in pharmaceutical concentrations in an urban river system

et al. 2018

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Many studies have quantified pharmaceuticals in the environment, few however, have incorporated detailed temporal and spatial variability due to associated costs in terms of time and materials. Here, we target 33 physico-chemically diverse pharmaceuticals in a spatiotemporal exposure study into the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the wastewater system and the Rivers Ouse and Foss (two diverse river systems) in the city of York, UK. Removal rates in two of the WWTPs sampled (a conventional activated sludge (CAS) and trickling filter plant) ranged from not eliminated (carbamazepine) to >99% (paracetamol). Data comparisons indicate that pharmaceutical exposures in river systems are highly variable regionally, in part due to variability in prescribing practices, hydrology, wastewater management, and urbanisation and that select annual median pharmaceutical concentrations observed in this study were higher than those previously observed in the European Union and Asia thus far. Significant spatial variability was found between all sites in both river systems, while seasonal variability was significant for 86% and 50% of compounds in the River Foss and Ouse, respectively. Seasonal variations in flow, in-stream attenuation, usage and septic effluent releases are suspected drivers behind some of the observed temporal exposure variability. When the data were used to evaluate a simple environmental exposure model for pharmaceuticals, mean ratios of predicted environmental concentrations (PECs), obtained using the model, to measured environmental concentrations (MECs) were 0.51 and 0.04 for the River Foss and River Ouse, respectively. Such PEC/MEC ratios indicate that the model underestimates actual concentrations in both river systems, but to a much greater extent in the larger River Ouse.

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Section: Study Area and Sample Collection 129mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial variation in pharmaceutical concentrations in an urban river system

et al. 2018

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“…5,[8][9][10] Previous research has demonstrated that certain TPs can be as toxic, or even more toxic than their parent compounds (PCs). [11][12][13][14][15] Yet, the identities of many TPs are still unknown, resulting in a limited understanding of their environmental fate and ecotoxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A strategic screening approach to identify transformation products of organic micropollutants formed in natural waters

Kaserzon

Plassmann

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Many transformation products (TPs) from organic micropollutants are not included in routine environmental monitoring programs due to limited knowledge of their occurrence and fate. An efficient method to identify and prioritize critical compounds in terms of environmental relevance is needed. In this study, we applied a strategic screening approach based on a case-control concept to identify TPs formed along wastewater-impacted rivers. Time-integrated samples were collected over one week at both ends of a river stretch downstream of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfall and were analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography interfaced with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS/MS). The screening procedure of the high-resolution MS (HRMS) datasets consisted of three major steps: (i) screening for parent compounds (PCs) attenuated along the stretch; (ii) prediction of potential TPs from these PCs; and (iii) screening for TPs from this list with an increasing trend along the stretch. In total, 32 PCs decreased along the investigated river stretches. From these PCs, eight TPs had increasing concentrations along the studied stretches and could be tentatively identified. The identification of one TP (benzamide) was confirmed by its corresponding reference standard, while no standards were available for the remaining TPs. Environmental impactOrganic micropollutants are continuously discharged from wastewater treatment plants into receiving aquatic systems where they undergo further transformation. The number of unknown transformation products is large; hence prioritizations for analysis and risk assessment are needed. We established a strategic screening approach to identify micropollutant transformation products formed in wastewater-impacted rivers. The essential case-control concept effectively allocates attenuating parent micropollutants and transformation products generated in situ. Our screening concept can be applied in process-oriented studies at both laboratory and eld scale to identify unknown transformation products prioritized for further investigation. EU chemical legislation calls for hazard assessments of formed transformation products, when motivated. The concept presented in this study can help to identify such transformation products, and thereby contribute to a more comprehensive risk assessment for parent chemicals.

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“…The half-life of gabapentin is between 5 and 7 hours. Several skin manifestations due to gabapentin are reported (Table 1) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peripheral oedema (2-8%) [5] Cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis [8] Rash in adulthood (1-10%) and childhood (0.4-3% cases) [9] Stevens-Johnson syndrome [10] Photosensitivity (0.1-1%) [1,6,7] Facial oedema (<1%)…”

Section: Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitive Lichenoid Eruption Induced by Gabapentin

Imbernón-Moya¹,

Cembrero-Saralegui²

2016

J Clin Exp Dermatol Res

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Gabapentin usually has a good safety profile with adequate tolerance. The incidence of adverse reactions in skin, hair and mucosa due to gabapentin is low. Here, we present a case of lichenoid photosensitive eruption due to application of gabapentin in exposed areas. A lichenoid eruption with skin lesions that are widespread distributed requires a drug history as well as stopping the consumption of the drug in question. Patch test and/or phototest confirm the diagnosis.

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Identification of phototransformation products of the antiepileptic drug gabapentin: Biodegradability and initial assessment of toxicity

Cited by 58 publications

References 47 publications

Temporal and spatial variation in pharmaceutical concentrations in an urban river system

Temporal and spatial variation in pharmaceutical concentrations in an urban river system

A strategic screening approach to identify transformation products of organic micropollutants formed in natural waters

Photosensitive Lichenoid Eruption Induced by Gabapentin

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