Identification of Phytochemicals in Bioactive Extracts of Acacia saligna Growing in Australia

Asmara, Anjar Purba; Prasansuklab, Anchalee; Tencomnao, Tewin; Ung, Alison T.

doi:10.3390/molecules28031028

Cited by 3 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…We discovered that the methanolic extracts from the flowers (FL-MeOH), leaves (LF-MeOH), and bark (BK-MeOH) of Australian A. saligna were active in antioxidant and yeast a-glucosidase inhibitory assays. Ten compounds were isolated by column chromatography from their respective extracts, as listed in Table 1 [ 2 ]. The amount of each isolated compound is also listed in Table 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FL-MeOH showed no toxic effects at the highest tested concentration (200 μg/mL). Similarly, LF-MeOH and BK-MeOH also showed no toxicity against 3T3-L1 adipocytes at 200 μg/mL after incubation for 72 h [ 2 ]. Further to this work, ten isolated compounds ( Table 2 ) were screened using the same assay.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolated compounds, such as (−)-epicatechin 6 , quercitrin 4 , and myricitrin 8 , showed potent antioxidant activities against DPPH and ABTS free radicals [ 2 ]. This suggests that the potent antioxidant activities of these compounds may also affect the accumulation of ROS and help explain the observed reduction in the accumulation of ROS by the extracts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous work on the bioactive extracts of Australian A. saligna revealed that methanolic extracts and isolated compounds have significant antioxidant effects and can inhibit the yeast α-glucosidase. The results indicate the potential of this plant as a rich source of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoid and cyclitol groups, to target type 2 diabetes [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antidiabetic potential of active A. saligna extracts and isolated compounds was evaluated in in vitro bioassays using adipose 3T3-L1 cells. This work enables us to ensure the consistency of our earlier discoveries of the in vitro antioxidant activities against free radicals [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antihyperglycemic Properties of Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Australian Acacia saligna on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

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Our early work indicated that methanolic extracts from the flowers, leaves, bark, and isolated compounds of Acacia saligna exhibited significant antioxidant activities in vitro. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria (mt-ROS) interfered with glucose uptake, metabolism, and its AMPK-dependent pathway, contributing to hyperglycemia and diabetes. This study aimed to screen the ability of these extracts and isolated compounds to attenuate the production of ROS and maintain mitochondrial function via the restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Downstream effects were investigated via an immunoblot analysis of the AMPK signalling pathway and glucose uptake assays. All methanolic extracts effectively reduced cellular ROS and mt-ROS levels, restored the MMP, activated AMPK-α, and enhanced cellular glucose uptake. At 10 µM, (−)-epicatechin-6 (from methanolic leaf and bark extracts) markedly reduced ROS and mt-ROS levels by almost 30% and 50%, respectively, with an MMP potential ratio 2.2-fold higher compared to the vehicle control. (−)-Epicatechin 6 increased the phosphorylation of AMPK-α by 43%, with an 88% higher glucose uptake than the control. Other isolated compounds include naringenin 1, naringenin-7-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside 2, isosalipurposide 3, D-(+)-pinitol 5a, and (−)-pinitol 5b, which also performed relatively well across all assays. Australian A. saligna active extracts and compounds can reduce ROS oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial function, and enhance glucose uptake through AMPK-α activation in adipocytes, supporting its potential antidiabetic application.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antihyperglycemic Properties of Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Australian Acacia saligna on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

et al. 2023

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Bioactive Phytochemicals of Acacia saligna

Ung

Asmara

2023

Molecules

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Acacia saligna is native to Western Australia. It has become an introduced and fast-growing plant in other parts of the world due to its ability to adapt to drought, saline and alkaline soils, and hast growing environments. Studies on the bioactivities and phytochemicals of the plant extracts were conducted. However, comprehensive information that links those bioactivities to the identified compounds in the plant’s extracts is still lacking. Data gathered in this review revealed a rich chemical diversity of hydroxybenzoic acids, cinnamic acids, flavonoids, saponins, and pinitols in A. saligna growing in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, South Africa, and Australia. The variability in phytochemical composition and quantity could be attributed to plant parts, growing locations, extraction solvents, and analysis methods. Identified phytochemicals support observed biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, α-glucosidase inhibition, and anti-inflammation in the extracts. The knowledge of chemical structures, biological activities, and possible mechanisms of action of the bioactive phytochemicals identified in A. saligna were discussed. In addition, the structure–activity relationships of dominant active compounds were examined to explain the bioactivities exerted by A. saligna extracts. The review provides valuable insights towards future research and the development of new therapeutics from this plant.

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Preventing Adipogenesis and Preserving Mitochondria and GLUT-4 Functions by Extracts and Isolated Compounds of Australian Acacia saligna

Asmara,

Chen,

Ung

2023

Molecules

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Acacia saligna’s secondary metabolites show promise in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related conditions. We previously discovered that methanolic extracts, isolated flavonoids, and cyclitols effectively preserve mitochondria in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In this current work, quantification of lipid droplet levels with Oil Red O assay showed a noticeable decrease in lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Methanolic leaf and bark extracts and isolated compounds, (−)-epicatechin 6 and myricitrin 8, reduced cellular lipid levels by 21.15% to 25.28%, respectively. mRNA levels of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, such as adiponectin, PGC-1α, and mtTFA, were increased. Methanolic flower extract (FL-MeOH) and its chemical components, naringenin 1 and D-(+)-pinitol 5a, increased these gene levels from 10% to 29% at the higher dose. Our study found that FL-MeOH slightly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, attributed to two phytochemicals, naringenin-7-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside 2 and D-(+)-pinitol 5a. Western blot analysis also showed that adipocytes treated with MeOH extracts had higher GLUT-4 expression levels than untreated adipocytes. Overall, A. saligna extracts and their isolated compounds demonstrated anti-lipogenesis activity during 3T3-L1 cell differentiation, modulation of transcriptional levels of adiponectin, PGC-1α, and mtTFA, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhancing GLUT-4 expression.

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Identification of Phytochemicals in Bioactive Extracts of Acacia saligna Growing in Australia

Cited by 3 publications

References 65 publications

Antihyperglycemic Properties of Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Australian Acacia saligna on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Antihyperglycemic Properties of Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Australian Acacia saligna on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Bioactive Phytochemicals of Acacia saligna

Preventing Adipogenesis and Preserving Mitochondria and GLUT-4 Functions by Extracts and Isolated Compounds of Australian Acacia saligna

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