Identification of pollen‐expressed pectin methylesterase inhibitors in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Wolf, Sebastián; Grsic-Rausch, Slobodanka; Rausch, Thomas; Greiner, Steffen

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01344-9

Cited by 87 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Four PMEIs have been functionally characterized in Arabidopsis to date. PMEI1 and PMEI2 (Wolf et al, 2003) are highly expressed in flowers; PMEI1 expression is specific to pollen, while the expression of PMEI3 is particularly high in the apical meristem (Peaucelle et al, 2008). PMEI4 is up-regulated during growth acceleration in skotomorphic hypocotyls (Pelletier et al, 2010).…”

Section: Oe Of a Novel Pmei As A System To Study Pme Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demethylesterification of Cell Wall Pectins in Arabidopsis Plays a Role in Seed Germination

et al. 2012

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The methylesterification status of cell wall homogalacturonans, mediated through the action of pectin methylesterases (PMEs), influences the biophysical properties of plant cell walls such as elasticity and porosity, important parameters for cell elongation and water uptake. The completion of seed germination requires cell wall extensibility changes in both the radicle itself and in the micropylar tissues surrounding the radicle. In wild-type seeds of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), PME activities peaked around the time of testa rupture but declined just before the completion of germination (endosperm weakening and rupture). We overexpressed an Arabidopsis PME inhibitor to investigate PME involvement in seed germination. Seeds of the resultant lines showed a denser methylesterification status of their cell wall homogalacturonans, but there were no changes in the neutral sugar and uronic acid composition of the cell walls. As compared with wild-type seeds, the PME activities of the overexpressing lines were greatly reduced throughout germination, and the low steady-state levels neither increased nor decreased. The most striking phenotype was a significantly faster rate of germination, which was not connected to altered testa rupture morphology but to alterations of the micropylar endosperm cells, evident by environmental scanning electron microscopy. The transgenic seeds also exhibited an apparent reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid with respect to its inhibitory effects on germination. We speculate that PME activity contributes to the temporal regulation of radicle emergence in endospermic seeds by altering the mechanical properties of the cell walls and thereby the balance between the two opposing forces of radicle elongation and mechanical resistance of the endosperm.

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Section: Oe Of a Novel Pmei As A System To Study Pme Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first described PMEI was that purified from kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis; Balestrieri et al, 1990), and since then, several PMEIs from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and other plant species have been characterized (Wolf et al, 2003;Raiola et al, 2004). Individual PMEIs interact with a number of different PMEs, often even over species boundaries .…”

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confidence: 99%

Demethylesterification of Cell Wall Pectins in Arabidopsis Plays a Role in Seed Germination

et al. 2012

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“…Four of the significantly down-regulated genes are pollen specific (Honys and Twell 2004). Among them, At1g48020 (AtPMEI1) (Wolf et al 2003) was suppressed 11.6 fold, At2g07040 10.0 fold, Profilin 5 (At2g19770) 4.8 fold, and At2g43230 4.3 fold respectively. APG (At1g20130), which is suppressed 7.6 fold, is an antherspecific gene expressed during the period of microspore development in B. napus buds and flowers (Roberts et al 1993).…”

Section: Verification Of Expression Pattern Using Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global analysis of gene expression in flower buds of Ms-cd1 Brassica oleracea conferring male sterility by using an Arabidopsis microarray

Kang

Zhang

Bonnema³

et al. 2007

Plant Mol Biol

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The dominant male sterility gene Ms-cd1 is identified in Brassica oleracea. Electron microscopical observations revealed that abortion of pollen development starts after tetrad formation. This important male sterility phenotype is characterized by lack of degradation of the primary pollen mother cell (PMC) wall and delayed degradation of callose surrounding the tetrads and thus arrest of microspore release. Gene expression of the male sterile and fertile buds was analyzed by heterologous hybridization of Brassica oleracea cRNA onto an Arabidopsis whole genome oligonucleotide microarray. A total of 277 suppressed genes including 40 kinase-, 32 cell wall modification and 29 transport related genes were found to be significantly down regulated [3-fold in the male sterile mutant. The vast majority of the differentially expressed transcripts are found to present late pollen stage specific genes. Kinase genes, cell wall modification genes and ion transport genes were greatly over-represented when compared to their percentage of all flower bud expressed genes and represent 36.5% of the genes suppressed by Ms-cd1. Our results also suggest that Ms-cd1 may blocks an anther developmental pathway with a small number of genes suppressed in tapetum cells which prevent the degradation of callose and PMC wall, which further leads to the suppression of a large number of genes involved in signaling pathways, cell wall modification and ion transport in pollen grains.

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“…In addition to the transcriptional control, a mechanism of regulation of PME activity is played by specific proteinaceous inhibitors, which were discovered in kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) (Balestrieri et al, 1990;Giovane et al, 1995) and recently found also in Arabidopsis thaliana (Wolf et al, 2003;Raiola et al, 2004). These inhibitors, named PMEIs, typically inhibit PMEs of plant origin and do not affect the activity of microbial enzymes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that PMEs and PMEIs are both expressed in flower tissues and pollen grains (Wolf et al, 2003;Markovic and Janecek, 2004;Raiola et al, 2004;L. Camardella, A. Giovane, and D. Bellincampi, unpublished results) and that wind and animal visitations continually bring pollen onto flowers 1 Current address: Dipartimento del Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Università di Padova, Italy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Basis for the Interaction between Pectin Methylesterase and a Specific Inhibitor Protein

Matteo¹,

Giovane

Raiola³

et al. 2005

Plant Cell

206

224

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Pectin, one of the main components of the plant cell wall, is secreted in a highly methyl-esterified form and subsequently deesterified in muro by pectin methylesterases (PMEs). In many developmental processes, PMEs are regulated by either differential expression or posttranslational control by protein inhibitors (PMEIs). PMEIs are typically active against plant PMEs and ineffective against microbial enzymes. Here, we describe the three-dimensional structure of the complex between the most abundant PME isoform from tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum) and PMEI from kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) at 1.9-Å resolution. The enzyme folds into a right-handed parallel b-helical structure typical of pectic enzymes. The inhibitor is almost all helical, with four long a-helices aligned in an antiparallel manner in a classical up-and-down fourhelical bundle. The two proteins form a stoichiometric 1:1 complex in which the inhibitor covers the shallow cleft of the enzyme where the putative active site is located. The four-helix bundle of the inhibitor packs roughly perpendicular to the main axis of the parallel b-helix of PME, and three helices of the bundle interact with the enzyme. The interaction interface displays a polar character, typical of nonobligate complexes formed by soluble proteins. The structure of the complex gives an insight into the specificity of the inhibitor toward plant PMEs and the mechanism of regulation of these enzymes.

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Identification of pollen‐expressed pectin methylesterase inhibitors in Arabidopsis

Cited by 87 publications

References 21 publications

Demethylesterification of Cell Wall Pectins in Arabidopsis Plays a Role in Seed Germination

Demethylesterification of Cell Wall Pectins in Arabidopsis Plays a Role in Seed Germination

Global analysis of gene expression in flower buds of Ms-cd1 Brassica oleracea conferring male sterility by using an Arabidopsis microarray

Structural Basis for the Interaction between Pectin Methylesterase and a Specific Inhibitor Protein

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