Identification of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Semen and Tissues from Vasectomized and Nonvasectomized Boars

Christopher‐Hennings, Jane; Nelson, Eric; Nelson, Julie К.; Rossow, Kurt; Shivers, J.; Yaeger, Michael J.; Chase, Christopher; Garduño, Rafael A.; Collins, James E.; Benfield, David A.

doi:10.1177/030098589803500404

Cited by 56 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In addition, the quantitative RT-PCR sensitivity has been established to detect virus concentrations as low as 10 TCID 50 /ml and corresponds to a nested RT-PCR previously validated with the use of a swine bioassay. 7 While most of the experimental inoculations of boars with PRRSV reported in the literature used a dose of about 10 6 TCID 50 , 5,6,8,18,20,22,25 in the present study, the boars were inoculated with a lower dose of 10 4.6 TCID 50 . This may be the reason why 38% of the boars did not get infected from the inoculum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction to Detect Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus on Individual and Pooled Samples from Boars

Rovira

Clement²,

Christopher‐Hennings³

et al. 2007

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Boar studs are continuously monitored for the presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by testing different biological samples by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In most cases, samples are run in pools, even though the impact of pooling on the sensitivity of RT-PCR is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using PCR on pooled samples through the estimation of the sensitivity of RT-PCR on different biological samples run individually, in pools of 3 and in pools of 5. Twenty-nine boars were inoculated with a low virulent PRRSV isolate. Serum, blood swab, and semen samples were obtained from each boar every 2 to 3 days for 2 weeks. Each sample was tested by RT-PCR undiluted or diluted 1:3 and 1:5 with negative samples. Eleven of the 29 boars did not appear to get infected from the inoculum, as evidenced by no seroconversion 15 days after inoculation. Data from the other 18 boars showed that serum was the best sample to detect PRRSV during acute infection, with the blood swab sample performing almost as well. Semen samples failed to detect PRRSV infection in most of the cases. Pooling samples at pool sizes of 3 and 5 resulted in a decrease in the sensitivity of RT-PCR. Sensitivity was reduced by 6% and 8%, respectively, when serum or blood swab samples were run in pools of 5. The impact of pooling on the sensitivity of PCR was higher in samples taken during the beginning of the viremic period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction to Detect Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus on Individual and Pooled Samples from Boars

Rovira

Clement²,

Christopher‐Hennings³

et al. 2007

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…PRRSV RNA was detected in semen from all the boars and was most consistently found within macrophages. Therefore, macrophages in semen are probably infected via the infection of local tissue macrophages or via infected circulating monocytes or macrophages (69). In contrast, porcine parvovirus DNA, detected in the epididymal semen of oronasally inoculated boars, was found to bind to spermatozoa (128) but seemed to have no negative effect.…”

Section: Animal Semenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses in the Mammalian Male Genital Tract and Their Effects on the Reproductive System

Dejucq

Jégou

2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

289

220

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This review describes the various viruses identified in the semen and reproductive tracts of mammals (including humans), their distribution in tissues and fluids, their possible cell targets, and the functional consequences of their infectivity on the reproductive and endocrine systems. The consequences of these viral infections on the reproductive tract and semen can be extremely serious in terms of organ integrity, development of pathological and cancerous processes, and transmission of diseases. Furthermore, of essential importance is the fact that viral infection of the testicular cells may result not only in changes in testicular function, a serious risk for the fertility and general health of the individual (such as a fall in testosteronemia leading to cachexia), but also in the possible transmission of virus-induced mutations to subsequent generations. In addition to providing an exhaustive account of the data available in these domains, this review focuses attention on the fact that the interface between endocrinology and virology has so far been poorly explored, particularly when major health, social and economical problems are posed. Our conclusions highlight the research strategies that need to be developed. Progress in all these domains is essential for the development of new treatment strategies to eradicate viruses and to correct the virus-induced dysfunction of the endocrine system

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“…6,22,34 Studies have also detected PRRSV in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and there are questions regarding whether PBMC might be used to detect persistently infected animals (Kolb JR: 1998, Am Assoc Swine Pract 1998: 413-418 [abstract]; Rowland RR, et al: 1996, Conf Res Workers Anim Dis abstract 189). 8,36 Subsequently, the second objective was to determine whether PRRSV could be detected for a longer period of time in serum, semen, or PBMC in the boar. This information would be useful for test and removal programs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Duration of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Semen, Serum, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, and Tissues from Yorkshire, Hampshire, and Landrace Boars

et al. 2001

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Abstract. Because transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can occur through boar semen, it is important to identify persistently infected boars. However, even for boars given the same PRRSV strain and dose, variability in the duration of viral shedding in semen has been observed, suggesting that host factors are involved in PRRSV persistence. To determine whether there are host genetic factors, particularly litter and breed differences related to the persistence of PRRSV, 3 litters from 3 purebred swine breeds were used for this study. It was also determined whether PRRSV could be detected for a longer period of time in serum, semen, or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and if PRRSV could still be detected in tissues after these antemortem specimens were PRRSV negative for a minimum of 2-3 weeks. Three Hampshire, 3 Yorkshire, and 2 Landrace PRRSV-naïve boars were obtained and inoculated intranasally with a wildtype PRRSV isolate (SD-23983). All boars within each breed were from the same litter, and litters were within 9 days of age. Serum and PBMC were collected twice weekly from each boar and analyzed for the presence of PRRSV by virus isolation and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum was also used to obtain virus neutralization titers and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay S/P values. Semen was collected twice weekly from 7 of 8 boars and analyzed by PCR. After all specimens were PRRSV negative for a minimum of 2-3 weeks, each boar was euthanized, and 21 tissues plus saliva, serum, feces, and urine were collected. All postmortem specimens were evaluated by virus isolation. Specimens that were PRRSV negative by virus isolation were then evaluated by PCR. The mean number of days (ϮSD) for the duration of PRRSV shedding in semen was 51 Ϯ 26.9 days, 7.5 Ϯ 4.9 days, and 28.3 Ϯ 17.5 days for Landrace, Yorkshire, and Hampshire boars, respectively. Because of small sample sizes and large SDs, the differences in duration of PRRSV shedding in semen between breeds were not considered significant. However, the trend suggested that Yorkshire boars were more resistant to PRRSV shedding in semen than were Landrace boars, requiring further investigation using a larger numbers of boars. PRRSV was detected for a longer period in semen than in serum or PBMC in 4 of 7 boars. Viremia could be detected for a longer period in serum than in PBMC in 6 of 8 boars. After a minimum of 2-3 weeks of PRRSV-negative serum, semen, and PBMC, PRRSV could still be detected in the tonsil of 3 of 8 boars by virus isolation, indicating that boars still harbor PRRSV within the tonsil even though antemortem specimens are PRRSV negative.

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Identification of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Semen and Tissues from Vasectomized and Nonvasectomized Boars

Cited by 56 publications

References 31 publications

Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction to Detect Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus on Individual and Pooled Samples from Boars

Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction to Detect Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus on Individual and Pooled Samples from Boars

Viruses in the Mammalian Male Genital Tract and Their Effects on the Reproductive System

Detection and Duration of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Semen, Serum, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, and Tissues from Yorkshire, Hampshire, and Landrace Boars

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