Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Associated with Choroidal Detachment by Vitreous iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Profiling

Abstract

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment (RRDCD) is a complicated and serious type of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). In this study, we identified differentially expressed proteins in the vitreous humors of RRDCD and RRD using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) combined with nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ion trap-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS) and bioinformatic analysis. Our result shows that 103 differentially expressed proteins, including 54 up-regulated and 49 down-regulated proteins were identified in RRDCD. Gene ontology (GO) analysis suggested that most of the differentially expressed proteins were extracellular．The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis suggested that proteins related to complement and coagulation cascades were significantly enriched. iTRAQ-based proteomic profiling reveals that complement and coagulation cascades and inflammation may play important roles in the pathogenesis of RRDCD. This study may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of RRDCD and offer potential opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of RRDCD.

iTRAQ Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Vitreous from Patients with Retinal Detachment

“…Yu and colleagues found 516 proteins in vitreous of RRD patients with PVR using SDS-PAGE and reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [ 22 ]. iTRAQ combined with liquid chromatography-electrospray ion trap-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)was used by Wu and co-workers to identify 103 proteins differentially expressed, including 54 up-regulated and 49 down-regulated proteins, in RRDCD when compared with RD [ 11 ]. More recently, our research group identified 127 proteins in vitreous of RD patients, of which 68 had not yet been found in previous studies, by combining ion exchange chromatography, SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis [ 19 ].…”

“…Indeed, some of them disappeared in severe PVR vitreous or were only detected in vitreous from normal human eyes. Other authors found that TPI1 was downregulated in the vitreous from patients with RRDCD [ 11 ]. Metabolic analysis of vitreous confirms that the glycolytic profile of vitreous is different between RRD and PVR [ 45 ].…”

“…The blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown, which only occurs later in RD, may also explain the changes in the composition of eye fluids. BRB breakdown and the accentuated levels of inflammatory proteins appear to have a central role in the evolution of RD to more severe pathologies [ 5 , 11 , 22 , 75 ]. As a matter of fact, the influx of blood, serum proteins, and vitreal cells through the retinal break is enough to stimulate the PVR development [ 76 ].…”

“…Surgical procedures including scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy, and pneumatic retinopexy have been successfully used for the treatment of RRD, with primary success rates of up to 90% [ 6 , 8 , 9 ]. However, when RRD is associated with macular detachment, choroidal detachment (RRDCD) or PVR, the patients experience poor visual recovery and low reattachment rates [ 10 , 11 ]. Besides the structural changes that occur in the retina, the complex biomolecular mechanisms that are activated following RRD can also play an important role in its pathogenesis.…”

Comparative Proteomic Investigation of Plasma Reveals Novel Potential Biomarker Groups for Acute Aortic Dissection

“…However, classic two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomic technologies are still irreplaceable since they provide a visualization map of the proteome and the truncation or modification information of protein isoforms [22][23][24]. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology is a high-efficiency nongel quantitative proteomic assay particularly suitable to identify biomarkers in low-abundance proteins [25][26][27][28]. Previous studies on acute aortic dissection reported several potential biomarkers including Lumican, C-reactive protein, and alpha 1 antitrypsin using iTRAQ and differential in-gel electrophoresis technologies [29,30].…”