Identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers for pneumonia caused by adenovirus infection in children by screening serum exosomal microRNAs

Abstract

Human adenovirus (HAdV) infection causes serious pneumonia in children, leading to significant morbidity and mortality rates. However, diagnostic biomarkers for HAdV-associated pneumonia are unavailable. Serum microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been recently reported as diagnostic biomarkers for several diseases. The present study performed microRNA sequencing to identify potential biomarkers among serum exosomal miRNAs, with the aim of identifying candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of pneumonia in adenovirus-infected children. To validate the biomarker candidates, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine the relative expression levels of miRNAs. As there is no endogenous reference RNA for serum miRNAs, pairwise analysis of RT-qPCR was used in the present study to narrow down the number of biomarker candidates among all the serum exosomal miRNAs to a set of four miRNAs. As a result, the identified miRNAs (namely, miR-450a-5p-miR-103a-3p and miR-103b-5p-miR-98-5p) from 59 samples were considered as potential diagnostic biomarkers in adenovirus-infected children. The results indicated that this four miRNA set could distinguish adenovirus-infected patients from healthy controls. In conclusion, the four exosomal miRNAs identified in the present study could be considered as candidate diagnostic biomarkers for pneumonia in adenovirus-infected children.

Exosomal miR‐103a‐3p ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‐induced immune response in BEAS‐2B cells via NF‐κB pathway by targeting transducin β‐like 1X related protein 1

“…30 A latest study proved that exosomal miR-103a-3p decreased in serum of children with adenovirus infected pneumonia. 12 In accordance with this study, we confirmed that exosomal miR-103a-3p was lowly expressed in blood samples of pneumonia patients and LPS-induced lung cells, MiRNAs are non-coding RNAs, and can mediate cell proliferation, apoptosis and other biological functions by targeting multiple transcription factors. [31][32][33] Previous studies have confirmed that ADAM10 was a target of miR-103a-3p, and silencing of ADAM10 abated the inflammation of murine abdominal aorta.…”

“…Moreover, transfection with miR‐483‐3p promotes the innate immune response, and elevates the expression of IL‐6, CCL2 and TNF‐α . A latest study proved that exosomal miR‐103a‐3p decreased in serum of children with adenovirus infected pneumonia . In accordance with this study, we confirmed that exosomal miR‐103a‐3p was lowly expressed in blood samples of pneumonia patients and LPS‐induced lung cells, and overexpression of miR‐103a‐3p weaken the LPS‐induced immune response.…”

“…In addition, exosomal miRNAs also participate in the inflammatory response by controlling the secretion of inflammatory cytokines . A recent study proved that exosomal miR‐103‐3p was low expression in serums of childhood pneumonia . However, the detailed effect of exosomal miR‐103a‐3p on inflammation is not clear.…”

“…11 A recent study proved that exosomal miR-103-3p was low expression in serums of childhood pneumonia. 12 However, the detailed effect of exosomal miR-103a-3p on inflammation is not clear.…”

Blood biomarkers differentiating viral versus bacterial pneumonia aetiology: a literature review

“…After duplicate removal, the title and abstracts were manually sorted and matched according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 16 articles were fully reviewed [7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Afterward, details were extracted for each article as described in methods.…”