“…This difference in phytoplankton groups and taxonomy significantly influences upper trophic levels in the pelagic food webs (i.e., trophic cascade; [43,137]). For instance, despite the overall oligotrophic conditions of the YP coastal waters, especially in the Caribbean region, biodiversity [138] and secondary production is high, characterized by extensive coral reefs [139][140][141][142] and charismatic filter-feeding, e.g., whale sharks and rays [47,143], and sea turtles [144]. Further, key ecosystems services, such as artisanal and industrial fisheries, represent a critical economic source providing a combined value (i.e., Campeche, Yucatan, Quintana Roo) ranging from US $130-180 million in the period from 2006-2014 [145,146]; these fisheries include shrimp [147], red grouper [45,148], sea cucumber [46], octopus [149,150], and lobster [151,152].…”