Identification of Potentially Human-Pathogenic
            <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i>
            Genotypes in Various Birds

Lobo, Maria; Xiao, Lihua; Cama, Vitaliano; Magalhães, Nuno; Antúnes, Francisco; Matos, Olga

doi:10.1128/aem.01394-06

Cited by 66 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…E. bieneusi also has been isolated from a large number of domestic and wild mammals, as well as birds (29). The potential of zoonotic transmission is supported by phylogenetic studies showing that several genotypes can infect humans as well as animals (9,12,26,37,(39)(40)(41).…”

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confidence: 86%

New Highly Divergent rRNA Sequence among Biodiverse Genotypes ofEnterocytozoon bieneusiStrains Isolated from Humans in Gabon and Cameroon

et al. 2007

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Intestinal microsporidiosis due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a leading cause of chronic diarrhea in severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. It may be a public health problem in Africa due to the magnitude of the HIV pandemic and to poor sanitary conditions. We designed two prevalence studies of E. bieneusi in Central Africa, the first with HIV-positive patients from an urban setting in Gabon and the second with a nonselected rural population in Cameroon. Stool samples were analyzed by an immunofluorescence antibody test and PCR. Twenty-five out of 822 HIV-positive patients from Gabon and 22 out of 758 villagers from Cameroon were found to be positive for E. bieneusi. The prevalence rates of the two studies were surprisingly similar (3.0% and 2.9%). Genotypic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene showed a high degree of diversity in samples from both countries. In Gabon, 15 isolates showed seven different genotypes: the previously reported genotypes A, D, and K along with four new genotypes, referred to as CAF1, CAF2, CAF3, and CAF4. In Cameroon, five genotypes were found in 20 isolates: the known genotypes A, B, D, and K and the new genotype CAF4. Genotypes A and CAF4 predominated in Cameroon, whereas K, CAF4, and CAF1 were more frequent in Gabon, suggesting that different genotypes present differing risks of infection associated with immune status and living conditions. Phylogenetic analysis of the new genotype CAF4, identified in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive subjects, indicates that it represents a highly divergent strain.

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confidence: 86%

New Highly Divergent rRNA Sequence among Biodiverse Genotypes ofEnterocytozoon bieneusiStrains Isolated from Humans in Gabon and Cameroon

et al. 2007

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“…Our findings, besides other studies, indicate that genotype D is in most of the immunodeficient patients and animals that could be associated with the widespread potential of the genotype. Also, E. bieneusi has been identified in chickens, grey parrots, pigeons, cockatiels, lovebirds, finches, and falcons (26)(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. in Wild Rats of Southwest of Iran

Tavalla

Kazemi

Kateki

et al. 2018

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Microsporidiosis is considered as an opportunistic infection in immunodeficient patients. Objectives: Due to the increasing prevalence of parasitic infections and immunodeficiency diseases as well as the transmission risk of microsporidia from animals to human, the aim of this study was to evaluate molecular diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. by the multiplex/nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and staining methods in wild rats of Ahvaz city, southwest of Iran. Methods: Initially, 160 stool samples were collected from wild rats in different parts of Ahvaz city. The samples were stained by the modified trichrome staining and explored microscopically. The DNA was extracted using the DNA stool kit and examined by multiplex/nested PCR. For differentiating the species of Encephalitozoon, the multiplex/nested PCR products were explored by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method using the restriction enzyme of Mnl1. Results: Of 160, 26 cases were suspected positive for microsporidia spore by the staining. Also, of 160, 18 cases were positive by the multiplex/nested PCR method, that 14 and 4 samples were detected as E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis, respectively. Of 14 E. bieneusi samples, 12 and 2 cases were detected as genotype D and M, respectively. Conclusions: The findings revealed a relatively high prevalence of microsporidia infection in wild rats of the city and these animals can be a source of microsporidiosis. Due to the zoonotic potential of the microorganisms, high -risk individuals should be receiving the information about the risk of direct and indirect contact with the infected animals.

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“…Interestingly, type D, was recently isolated from 3 HIV-negative individuals in Cameroon (Breton et al, 2007). Within subgroup 1b, four genotypes were found only in HIV-positive patients, in Peru, Thailand and Uganda, two genotypes were found only in animal, both in pet birds in Portugal, and one genotype named Peru 6 was found both in human in Peru and in animals, pet birds and a dog, both in Portugal (Leelayoova et al, 2006;Lobo et al, 2006b;Sulaiman et al, 2003a;Tumwine et al, 2002). Subgroup 1c contains seven genotypes that were found only in human (Breitenmoser et al, 1999;Breton et al, 2007;Espern et al, 2007;Leelayoola et al, 2005;Liguory et al, 2001;Liguory et al, 1998;Rinder et al, 1997;Sadler et al, 2002;Sulaiman et al, 2003a).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterocytozoon bieneusiin human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology

2008

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ummary :Human microsporidian infections have emerged following the onset of the AIDS pandemic. Microsporidia are unicellular eukaryotic parasites that form spores. They are an exceptionally diverse group of parasites that infect a wide range of eukaryotic cells in numerous invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Of the 14 species newly described as pathogens in human, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, which causes gastrointestinal diseases, is the most common agent of human infections. In the past fifteen years, E. bieneusi was also identified in environmental sources, especially in surface water, as well as in wild, domestic and farm animals. These findings raised concerns for waterborne, foodborne and zoonotic transmission. Molecular analyses of the 243-bp internal Transcribed spacer-(ITS) of the rRNA gene have revealed a considerable genetic variation within E. bieneusi isolates of human and animal origins, supporting the potential for zoonotic transmission. The focus of this revue is to present and discuss recent advances in diagnosis and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi infections.

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Identification of Potentially Human-Pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes in Various Birds

Cited by 66 publications

References 19 publications

New Highly Divergent rRNA Sequence among Biodiverse Genotypes ofEnterocytozoon bieneusiStrains Isolated from Humans in Gabon and Cameroon

New Highly Divergent rRNA Sequence among Biodiverse Genotypes ofEnterocytozoon bieneusiStrains Isolated from Humans in Gabon and Cameroon

Molecular Diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. in Wild Rats of Southwest of Iran

Enterocytozoon bieneusiin human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology

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