Identification of potentially mobile and persistent transformation products of REACH-registered chemicals and their occurrence in surface waters

Zahn, Daniel; Mucha, Piotr; Zilles, V.; Touffet, Arnaud; Gallard, Hervé; Knepper, Thomas P.; Frömel, Tobias

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.042

Cited by 93 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Changing environmental pressures, which could include various human-introduced biocides, may have made these latent functions adaptive. Indeed, environmental contamination by hydrophobic quaternary amines is associated with antiseptic use 9 , and substituted guanidinium ions and biguanides have also been identified as widespread, long-lived, environmentally disruptive contaminants that enter the biosphere as agricultural or industrial chemicals [40][41][42] or pharmaceuticals that impact the human microbiome and that are excreted in waste water [43][44][45][46] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structural basis of promiscuity in small multidrug resistance transporters

Kermani¹,

Macdonald²,

Burata³

et al. 2020

Nat Commun

103

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By providing broad resistance to environmental biocides, transporters from the small multidrug resistance (SMR) family drive the spread of multidrug resistance cassettes among bacterial populations. A fundamental understanding of substrate selectivity by SMR transporters is needed to identify the types of selective pressures that contribute to this process. Using solid-supported membrane electrophysiology, we find that promiscuous transport of hydrophobic substituted cations is a general feature of SMR transporters. To understand the molecular basis for promiscuity, we solved X-ray crystal structures of a SMR transporter Gdx-Clo in complex with substrates to a maximum resolution of 2.3 Å. These structures confirm the family’s extremely rare dual topology architecture and reveal a cleft between two helices that provides accommodation in the membrane for the hydrophobic substituents of transported drug-like cations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structural basis of promiscuity in small multidrug resistance transporters

Kermani¹,

Macdonald²,

Burata³

et al. 2020

Nat Commun

103

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“…DPG is used in tire rubber as a secondary accelerator in silicon tread mixes (also called "activator") [9,28] and was previously shown to be released from tires [12]. Information on the environmental stability of DPG is limited but contradictory: while DPG was reported not to be stable in terrestrial environment [12] and to be degraded in a production wastewater (though data were not provided) [29], another study found DPG to be stable in a lab degradation experiment [30].…”

Section: Identification Of Suspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source-related smart suspect screening in the aqueous environment: search for tire-derived persistent and mobile trace organic contaminants in surface waters

et al. 2020

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A variant of suspect screening by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is proposed in this study: Samples of a potential source of contamination and of an environmental sample close to this source are first analyzed in a non-targeted manner to select source-related suspects and to identify them. The suspect list compiled from such an exercise is then applied to LC-HRMS data of environmental samples to ascribe and to identify persistent and mobile contaminants in the water cycle that may originate from the source under study. This approach was applied to tire crumb rubber (source) and road dust (close to source); by comparison of the two data sets, 88% of the features detected in tire leachate could be excluded. Of the 48 suspects remaining, a total of 41 could be tentatively identified as either related to hexamethoxymethyl melamine or cyclic amines, benzothiazoles, or glycols. Subsequently, environmental samples were searched for these suspects: 85% were determined in an urban creek after a combined sewer overflow and 67% in the influent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). These exceptionally high rates of positive findings prove that this source-related smart suspect screening effectively directs the effort of selecting and identifying unknown contaminants to those related to the source of interest. The WWTP effluent and the urban creek during dry weather also showed the presence of numerous contaminants that may stem from tire and road wear particles (TRWP) in road runoff. Contribution from other sources, however, cannot be ruled out.

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“…Secondly, three project partners have improved analytical methods based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for highly polar substances. They used hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC; [24,25]), mixed-mode liquid chromatography (MMLC; [26]) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC; [27]). In this way they could significantly extend LC-MS methods towards more polar contaminants.…”

Section: Protection Of Water Resources From Traces Of Mobile Substancmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent, mobile and toxic substances in the environment: a spotlight on current research and regulatory activities

Rüdel

Körner²,

Letzel

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Eur

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Certain persistent and polar substances may pose a hazard to drinking water resources. To foster the knowledge exchange in this field the Working Group Environmental Monitoring of the German Chemical Society (GDCh) Division Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology discussed at their meeting in December 2018 the significance and relevance of persistent, mobile and toxic chemicals (PMT substances) in the environment. Five oral contributions highlighted not only various aspects such as the identification of potential PMT substances based on certain properties and their possible regulation under the European REACH regulation, but also current developments in the analysis of PMT substances and results from environmental monitoring. The data presented prove that many persistent and mobile substances can be detected in surface waters. Once detected, it can be complex and costly to identify sources and reduce inputs, as a case study on 1,4-dioxane in Bavarian surface waters shows. The same applies to the removal of polar substances from raw water for drinking water production. Today, scientific advances in analytical methods make it easier to identify and quantify even very polar substances in water samples. In addition to the targeted analysis of critical chemicals, non-target screening is playing an increasingly important role. This opens up the possibility of detecting substances in water samples that have not previously been investigated in routine monitoring and testing their relevance for humans and the environment. However, the list of potentially occurring PM substances that have not yet been investigated is still very long. Further methodological improvements seem necessary here. In view of the evidence for the presence of PMT substances in the environment (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid and 1,4-dioxane) and the potential risks for drinking water abstraction, it seems important under consideration of the precautionary principle to identify and prioritise relevant REACH-registered substances. The assessment should be based on the intrinsic properties and the emission potential of the compounds. The implementation of a detailed proposal made at European level to regulate PMT and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances in the context of REACH would ensure that chemicals identified as being substances of very high concern according to the PMT and vPvM criteria are subject to authorisation in future.

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Identification of potentially mobile and persistent transformation products of REACH-registered chemicals and their occurrence in surface waters

Cited by 93 publications

References 35 publications

The structural basis of promiscuity in small multidrug resistance transporters

The structural basis of promiscuity in small multidrug resistance transporters

Source-related smart suspect screening in the aqueous environment: search for tire-derived persistent and mobile trace organic contaminants in surface waters

Persistent, mobile and toxic substances in the environment: a spotlight on current research and regulatory activities

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