Identification of promoter region of ghrelin gene in human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line

Nakai, Norihiro; Kaneko, Masabumi; Nakao, Nobuhiro; Fujikawa, Takahiko; Nakashima, Kenichiro; Ogata, Masato; Tanaka, Minoru

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.04.028

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The first exon contains only 21 bp and is presented at the non-coding region of cDNA. Similar results were observed in mouse and human GHRL genes (TANAKA et al 2001, NAKAI et al 2004. We demonstrated that bovine GHRL gene exons 2, 3, 4 and 5 are respectively 134, 114, 109 and 154 bp long.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Molecular characterization of the bovine <i>GHRL</i> gene (Short Communication)

2009

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Bovine ghrelin, a 27 amino acid peptide, has been identified in oxyntic glands of the abomasum. It is an endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor and stimulates food intake and growth hormone secretion. The bovine GHRL gene was completely sequenced and consists of five exons and four introns. Like mouse and human GHRL genes, we found that the bovine GHRL gene also contains a first non-coding exon of 21 bp. The bovine GHRL gene codes for 116 amino acid peptide named preproghrelin which contains the ghrelin peptide and another peptide similar to obestatin. Sequence analysis revealed eight polymorphisms, which are located in the non-coding sequence of the gene.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Molecular characterization of the bovine <i>GHRL</i> gene (Short Communication)

2009

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“…The human ghrelin gene consists of 4 coding exons and a very recently identified non-coding exon located upstream of the coding region which corresponds to non-coding sequence in the mouse ghrelin gene (Nakai et al 2004). However, we have based our nomenclature of the human preproghrelin variant on the coding exons only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and function of the ghrelin axis, including a novel preproghrelin isoform, in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines

Jeffery

Murray²,

Yeh³

et al. 2005

Endocr Relat Cancer

111

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While oestrogen, progesterone and growth factors, including growth hormone (GH), are clearly implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, there is now evidence that the newly described ghrelin axis is also involved. The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of the ghrelin axis in breast cancer tissues and cell lines and to examine the effect of ghrelin on breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Ghrelin and its functional receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) type 1a, were expressed in normal breast tissue and breast cancer specimens and cell lines. In contrast, the truncated GHSR type 1b isoform was exclusively expressed in breast carcinoma, suggesting that it has potential as a diagnostic marker. Ghrelin treatment significantly increases the proliferation of the MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines in vitro. In addition, we have described the expression of a human preproghrelin isoform, exon 3-deleted preproghrelin, which encodes mature ghrelin plus a novel C-terminal peptide. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to demonstrate that this mRNA isoform is highly expressed in the MDA-MB-435 metastatic breast cancer cell line relative to the benign MCF-10A breast epithelial cell line. The unique C-terminal peptide of exon 3-deleted preproghrelin is expressed in the glandular epithelium of breast cancer tissues, with high-grade carcinoma exhibiting the strongest immunoreactivity. The data presented here suggest that components of the ghrelin axis may represent novel markers for breast cancer and potential therapeutic targets.

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“…Another report by Nakai et al (172) using TT cells showed that significant level of promoter activity was observed in the 1107-1225 bp upstream region of the translation initiation site, and specific protein binded to the promoter region of Ϫ1129 to Ϫ1100. Furthermore, a study by Kishimoto et al (130) using ECC10 cells, a human stomach-derived cell line, indicated that Ϫ2000 to Ϫ605 in the 5Ј-flanking region of the ghrelin gene contains an activating sequence (130).…”

Section: E Gene and Precursor Structures Of Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ghrelin: Structure and Function

Kojima

Kangawa²

2005

Physiological Reviews

1,621

1,176

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Small synthetic molecules called growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) stimulate the release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary. They act through the GHS-R, a G protein-coupled receptor whose ligand has only been discovered recently. Using a reverse pharmacology paradigm with a stable cell line expressing GHS-R, we purified an endogenous ligand for GHS-R from rat stomach and named it “ghrelin,” after a word root (“ghre”) in Proto-Indo-European languages meaning “grow.” Ghrelin is a peptide hormone in which the third amino acid, usually a serine but in some species a threonine, is modified by a fatty acid; this modification is essential for ghrelin's activity. The discovery of ghrelin indicates that the release of GH from the pituitary might be regulated not only by hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone, but also by ghrelin derived from the stomach. In addition, ghrelin stimulates appetite by acting on the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, a region known to control food intake. Ghrelin is orexigenic; it is secreted from the stomach and circulates in the bloodstream under fasting conditions, indicating that it transmits a hunger signal from the periphery to the central nervous system. Taking into account all these activities, ghrelin plays important roles for maintaining GH release and energy homeostasis in vertebrates.

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Identification of promoter region of ghrelin gene in human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Molecular characterization of the bovine <i>GHRL</i> gene (Short Communication)

Molecular characterization of the bovine <i>GHRL</i> gene (Short Communication)

Expression and function of the ghrelin axis, including a novel preproghrelin isoform, in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines

Ghrelin: Structure and Function

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Identification of promoter region of ghrelin gene in human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Molecular characterization of the bovine &lt;i&gt;GHRL&lt;/i&gt; gene (Short Communication)

Molecular characterization of the bovine &lt;i&gt;GHRL&lt;/i&gt; gene (Short Communication)

Expression and function of the ghrelin axis, including a novel preproghrelin isoform, in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines

Ghrelin: Structure and Function

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Product

Resources

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Molecular characterization of the bovine <i>GHRL</i> gene (Short Communication)

Molecular characterization of the bovine <i>GHRL</i> gene (Short Communication)