Identification of protein-bound carbohydrates by mass spectrometry

Abstract

This review outlines the use of modern methods of mass spectrometry, mainly based on electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted lased desorption/ionization, for the identification of protein-bound carbohydrates. The techniques are briefly described together with methods for glycan release and purification prior to mass spectrometry. Fragmentation of glycans, produced under various conditions, is described in the context of obtaining structural information at the sensitivity required for proteomic work.

Characterization of simple isomeric oligosaccharides and the rapid separation of glycan mixtures by ion mobility mass spectrometry

“…6b-d and are notated using the carbohydrate nomenclature introduced by Domon and Costello [48]. 2 Data can be obtained by request from the authors.…”

“…Not only do the constituent monosaccharides (and their stereochemistry) have to be identified, but also how they link together to form the polymer needs to be determined. Given that monosaccharides have multiple linkage sites and each site has two possible anomeric linkage configurations, oligosaccharide structure can be very complex [2]. With the help of chemical degradation, derivatization and mass spectral fragmentation, oligosaccharide structure can be elucidated.…”

Analyzing Glycopeptide Isomers by Combining Differential Mobility Spectrometry with Electron- and Collision-Based Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…In recent years, mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be an essential tool in the characterization of glycoproteins and glycopeptides [2] based upon the overall sensitivity and selectivity of the technique. In terms of the latter quality, the fragmentation methods available on modern MS systems can provide peptide sequence as well as glycan sequence information depending upon the fragmentation method chosen [3].…”

Glycosylation analysis of gel-separated proteins

“…The use of MS/MS techniques for the determination of glycan structure has recently been extensively reviewed [55,56]. MALDI-MS is a very effective tool for profiling sugars from gels.…”

“…Bottom panel: The high resolution and accuracy of the mass measurement allows the assignment of even weak cross-ring cleavages from which linkage information can be derived. For a more detailed discussion on the interpretation of such fragment ion spectra see [56].…”