Identification of Reaction Beech Wood by X-ray Computed Tomography

Marčok, M.; Kúdela, Jozef; Čunderlík, Igor

doi:10.1007/s001070050145

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Sanabria et al (2015) studied wood under MC equilibrium by using the NI technique. Marčok et al (1996), Sahlberg et al (1997), Cave (1997), Freyburger et al (2009) and Tanaka et al (2009) investigated wood material using X-ray imaging. Another contactless and white light technique used for full-field measurements is the grid method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating wood under thermo-hydromechanical loading at the ring scale using full-field measurements

2018

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The thermo-visco-hydro-mechanical (TVHM) loading of Abies Alba Mills (white fir of Massif Central) is investigated in this paper. A full-field measurement technique, namely the grid method, is used in the experiments in order to observe heterogeneities and to measure strain fields in the annual growth rings. This enables the investigation of the effects of moisture content changes on the strain of latewood and earlywood during creep and recovery. The tested specimens are first conditioned to a given moisture content. Each of them is then subjected to a compression test and regularly removed in order to measure the moisture content. A positioning system is developed to ensure the consistent location of each specimen with respect to the camera. Before loading, images are taken using a CCD camera to highlight the impact of moisture conditioning. Images are also acquired during the loading steps, and between each recovery step after complete unloading. All the strain maps are determined with respect to a reference image taken either before the water conditioning of the specimen or before loading. During the experiments, strain gradients clearly appear between latewood and earlywood, highlighting the variability of the mechanical properties at the ring scale. The effect of moisture content changes on the mechanical behavior of wood at the ring scale is evidenced and discerned.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating wood under thermo-hydromechanical loading at the ring scale using full-field measurements

2018

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“…It appears as lighter areas contrasting with opposite wood. Marčok et al (1996) showed that reaction wood can easily be identified on CT images acquired over European beech logs with moisture content above the fibre saturation point because zones with reaction wood have on average a higher moisture content than the opposite wood.…”

Section: Other Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the use of X-ray computed tomography for determining wood properties: a review¹This article is a contribution to the series The Role of Sensors in the New Forest Products Industry and Bioeconomy.

2011

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In several processes of the forest products industry, an in-depth knowledge of log and board internal features is required and their determination needs fast scanning systems. One of the possible technologies is X-ray computed tomography (CT) technology. Our paper reviews applications of this technology in wood density measurements, in wood moisture content monitoring, and in locating internal log features that include pith, sapwood, heartwood, knots, and other defects. Annual growth ring measurements are more problematic to be detected on CT images because of the low spatial resolution of the images used. For log feature identification, our review shows that the feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network is the most efficient CT image processing method. There are also some studies attempting to reconstruct three-dimensional log or board images from two-dimensional CT images. Several industrial prototypes have been developed because medical CT scanners were shown to be inappropriate for the wood industry. Because of the high cost of X-ray CT scanner equipment, other types of inexpensive sensors should also be investigated, such as electric resistivity tomography and microwaves. It also appears that the best approach uses various different sensors, each of them having its own strengths and weaknesses.Résumé : Plusieurs processus de l'industrie des produits forestiers exigent une connaissance approfondie des caractéristiques internes des billes et des planches dont l'acquisition nécessite des appareils à balayage rapide. Une des technologies potentielles est la tomodensitométrie (TDM). Notre article passe en revue les applications de cette technologie pour mesurer la densité du bois, faire le suivi de la teneur en humidité dans le bois et localiser les caractéristiques internes du bois, telles que la moelle, le bois d'aubier, le bois de coeur, les noeuds et les autres défauts. Il est plus difficile de mesurer les cernes annuels sur les images obtenues par TDM à cause de la faible résolution spatiale de ces images. Pour l'identification des caractéristiques des billes, notre revue montre que le réseau neuronal artificiel multicouche à rétropropagation est la méthode la plus efficace pour traiter les images obtenues par TDM. Il y a aussi certaines études qui tentent de reconstruire des images en trois dimensions à partir des images en deux dimensions obtenues par TDM. Plusieurs prototypes industriels ont été développés parce qu'il a été démontré que les tomographes médicaux ne sont pas appropriés pour l'industrie du bois. Étant donné le coût élevé des appareils de TDM, d'autres types de capteurs bon marché devraient être étudiés, tels que la tomographie de résistivité électrique et les micro-ondes. Il semble aussi que la meilleure approche consiste à utiliser plusieurs capteurs différents, chacun ayant ses forces et ses faiblesses.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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“…In addition, density could be evaluated directly (Lenz 1954;Sacré 1959;Panshin & DeZeeuw 1981;Boury 1993;Jourez et al 2001) or used as a discriminating factor in nuclear magnetic resonance (Bucur 2003). X-rays (Marcok et al 1996) and ultrasonic techniques (Janin et al 1990) have also been used for TW identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shiny Beech Wood is Confirmed as an Indicator of Tension Wood

Barbacci¹,

Constant²,

Farré³

et al. 2008

IAWA J

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This study sought to develop a method to quantify tension wood areas in stem discs. It was suggested that the shiny appearance of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) could provide an indication of tension wood. Each of 21 stem discs were digitised and the images analysed. Small areas of the discs were selected, and from these areas, anatomical sections were stained with astra-blue and safranine and the stained sections were compared with the wood disc images. The analysis showed that the shape of shiny areas and tension wood were similar; moreover, the measured ratios of shiny wood and tension wood were in good agreement. This confirms the assumption that in Fagus sylvatica shiny wood corresponds to tension wood.

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Identification of Reaction Beech Wood by X-ray Computed Tomography

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Investigating wood under thermo-hydromechanical loading at the ring scale using full-field measurements

Investigating wood under thermo-hydromechanical loading at the ring scale using full-field measurements

On the use of X-ray computed tomography for determining wood properties: a review¹This article is a contribution to the series The Role of Sensors in the New Forest Products Industry and Bioeconomy.

Shiny Beech Wood is Confirmed as an Indicator of Tension Wood

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Identification of Reaction Beech Wood by X-ray Computed Tomography

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Investigating wood under thermo-hydromechanical loading at the ring scale using full-field measurements

Investigating wood under thermo-hydromechanical loading at the ring scale using full-field measurements

On the use of X-ray computed tomography for determining wood properties: a review1This article is a contribution to the series The Role of Sensors in the New Forest Products Industry and Bioeconomy.

Shiny Beech Wood is Confirmed as an Indicator of Tension Wood

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On the use of X-ray computed tomography for determining wood properties: a review¹This article is a contribution to the series The Role of Sensors in the New Forest Products Industry and Bioeconomy.