“…The NARMAX structure can be identified by an OFR algorithm (Chen, Billings, & Luo, 1989), which can be used to select significant model terms according to an error reduction ratio index (ERR), and estimate model parameters simultaneously Wei, Billings, & Liu, 2004). The NARMAX model and the OFR algorithm have been successfully applied to solve a wide range of real-world problems in various fields including engineering (Zhang, Zhu, & Gu, 2017), ecological (Marshall et al, 2016), environmental (Bigg et al, 2014), geophysical (Balikhin et al, 2011;Boynton, Balikhin, Billings, Wei, & Ganushkina, 2011), medical (Billings, Wei, Thomas, Linnane, & Hope-Gill, 2013), and neurophysiological (Li, Wei, Billings, & Sarrigiannis, 2016) sciences.…”