Identification of Safranal as the Main Allelochemical from Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>)

Mardani, Hossein; Sekine, Takayuki; Azizi, Majid; Mishyna, Maryia; Fujii, Yoshiharu

doi:10.1177/1934578x1501000519

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The cotton swab method, following GC-MS analysis was previously successfully applied for the determination of EC 50 of radicle and hypocotyl growth of lettuce seedlings by 1-decyne in the vapor phase and was found at the concentration of 0.5 ng/mL [29] and by safranal—1.2 µg/L (ppb) [30]. Additionally, previous results also demonstrated that octyl acetate, a major volatile from H. sosnowskyi fruits, had lower EC 50 for radicle and hypocotyl growth (64 and 57 ng/cm 3 , respectively), than the predominant octanal (EC 50 is 20 and 9 ng/cm 3 respectively), however, octanal was suggested to be the major contributor to its allelopathic activity based on total activity estimation [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Plant Volatile Emissions with Allelopathic Activity and the Identification of L-Fenchone and 1,8-Cineole from Star Anise (Illicium verum) Leaves

Kang

Mishyna

Appiah

et al. 2019

Plants

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One hundred and thirty-nine medicinal plant species were screened for their allelopathic activity through volatile emissions using Lactuca sativa as a test plant. Volatile emissions from the leaves of star anise (Illicium verum) showed the highest inhibition (100%) on the radicle and hypocotyl growth. Using headspace gas collection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), seven major volatile compounds from the leaves of star anise, including α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, 1,8-cineole, D-limonene, camphor, and L-fenchone were detected. To determine volatile compounds that may contribute to the inhibitory activity of star anise, the allelopathic potential of individual volatiles from star anise was evaluated using the cotton swab bioassay. The EC50 was calculated for each of the seven identified compounds. L-fenchone showed the strongest growth inhibitory activity (EC50 is 1.0 ng/cm3 for radicle and hypocotyl growth of lettuce), followed by 1,8-cineole, and camphene. This is the first report that L-fenchone could be an important volatile allelochemical from the leaves of star anise. From the actual concentration of each volatile compound in headspace and EC50 value, we concluded that the four volatile compounds, including L-fenchone, 1,8-cineole, β-pinene, and camphene are the most important contributors to the volatile allelopathy of star anise.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Plant Volatile Emissions with Allelopathic Activity and the Identification of L-Fenchone and 1,8-Cineole from Star Anise (Illicium verum) Leaves

Kang

Mishyna

Appiah

et al. 2019

Plants

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“…This is mainly due to the high volatility and low solubility of the VOCs [12]. Some volatile bioactive compounds namely safranal and octanal identified in C. sativus and Heracleum sosnowskyi , respectively, were reported with strong inhibitory activity on plant growth and development [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron (Crocus sativus) by Using Static Exposure Method

et al. 2019

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Safranal, the main volatile chemical of Saffron (Crocus sativus) was studied to estimate its allelopathic effects on the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll, leaf electrolyte leakage, fresh weight, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activity of the test plant Lettuce (Lactuca sativa). In this study, the effective concentration (EC50) of safranal on CAT was estimated to be 6.12 µg/cm3. CAT activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the increase in the safranal concentration while POX activity was increased. Moreover, Safranal caused significant physiological changes in chlorophyll content, leaf electrolyte leakage, and fresh weight of several weed species with Lolium multiflorum being the most sensitive. Furthermore, 5 µM Safranal showed significant inhibitory activity against dicotyledonous in comparison to the monocotyledons under greenhouse conditions. The inhibition of the CAT by safranal was similar to those of uncompetitive inhibitors, and therefore the decline in carbon fixation by plants might be the mechanism behind the inhibitory activity of safranal.

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“…In addition to AMF, it would be advisable to investigate other endophytes to be co-inoculated with saffron bulbs, or directly recruited from soils, that could offer further advantages, for example, an increasing tolerance to biotic and/or abiotic stresses. This last aspect is of particular importance because, after a few years of continuous cultivation, saffron could exert allelopathic activity against many soil components [ 64 , 65 ], thus compromising both its replanting and the cultivation of alternative crops (i.e., lettuce) [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabarcoding of Soil Fungal Communities Associated with Alpine Field-Grown Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Inoculated with AM Fungi

Victorino

Voyron

Caser

et al. 2021

JoF

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Soil fungi strongly influence ecosystem structure and functioning, playing a key role in many ecological services as decomposers, plant mutualists and pathogens. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish mutualistic symbiotic associations with plant roots and act as biofertilizers by enhancing plant nutrients and water uptake. Information about the AMF association with Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and their impact on crop performances and spice quality has been increasing in recent years. Instead, there is still little data on the biodiversity of soil microbial communities associated with this crop in the Alpine environments. The aims of this study were to investigate the fungal communities of two Alpine experimental sites cultivated with saffron, and to rank the relative impact of two AMF inocula, applied to soil as single species (R = Rhizophagus intraradices, C. Walker & A. Schüßler) or a mixture of two species (M = R. intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae, C. Walker & A. Schüßler), on the resident fungal communities which might be influenced in their diversity and composition. We used Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding on nuclear ribosomal ITS2 region to characterize the fungal communities associated to Crocus sativus cultivation in two fields, located in the municipalities of Saint Christophe (SC) and Morgex (MG), (Aosta Valley, Italy), treated or not with AMF inocula and sampled for two consecutive years (Y1; Y2). Data analyses consistently indicated that Basidiomycota were particularly abundant in both sites and sampling years (Y1 and Y2). Significant differences in the distribution of fungal taxa assemblages at phylum and class levels between the two sites were also found. The main compositional differences consisted in significant abundance changes of OTUs belonging to Dothideomycetes and Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota), Agaricomycetes and Tremellomycetes (Basidiomycota), Mortierellomycetes and Mucoromycetes. Further differences concerned OTUs, of other classes, significantly represented only in the first or second year of sampling. Concerning Glomeromycota, the most represented genus was Claroideoglomus always detected in both sites and years. Other AMF genera such as Funneliformis, Septoglomus and Microdominikia, were retrieved only in MG site. Results highlighted that neither sites nor inoculation significantly impacted Alpine saffron-field fungal communities; instead, the year of sampling had the most appreciable influence on the resident communities.

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Identification of Safranal as the Main Allelochemical from Saffron (Crocus sativus)

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Screening for Plant Volatile Emissions with Allelopathic Activity and the Identification of L-Fenchone and 1,8-Cineole from Star Anise (Illicium verum) Leaves

Screening for Plant Volatile Emissions with Allelopathic Activity and the Identification of L-Fenchone and 1,8-Cineole from Star Anise (Illicium verum) Leaves

Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron (Crocus sativus) by Using Static Exposure Method

Metabarcoding of Soil Fungal Communities Associated with Alpine Field-Grown Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Inoculated with AM Fungi

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