Identification of solid materials with a new electrochemical technique — the abrasive stripping analysis

Scholz, Fritz; Nitschke, L.; Henrion, Günter

doi:10.1007/bf00481974

Cited by 75 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the 1970s and 1980s, the carbon paste electrodes with both electrolyte and non-electrolyte binders were increasingly used, particularly for mineral analysis by Bauer et al [38], Songina et al [39][40][41], Brainina et al [42,43], Zakharchuk [44,45], and many others. From the late 1980s, the introduction of the voltammetry of immobilized particles (VIMP) by Scholz et al [31,[46][47][48][49] has expanded the scope of the application of solid state electro chemistry for the analysis of solids to a variety of fields [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57], mainly because the limitations of the previously developed techniques with respect to accessible materials could be overcome. Parallel to the experimental research, the theoretical modelling of the electrochemical processes of solid particles was developed [35,36,53,54,.…”

Section: Electrochemical Methods For the Analysis Of Solidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rigid composite electrodes can be prepared by mixing the solid with graphite powder, a monomer, and a cross-linking agent, followed by radical-initiated copolymerization [93]. • Microparticulate deposits formed by mechanical transfer of the solid on an inert electrode [46][47][48][49]. The mechanical (sometimes abrasive) transfer of microparticles of solids to the surface of an inert electrode, typically a paraffin-impregnated graphite electrode ensures a direct exposure of the particle surface and the particle/electrode junction to the electrolyte.…”

Section: Preparation Of Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Solid state electroanalytical techniques (VIMP in particular) permit one to distinguish and identify different crystalline forms of a given mineral or compound (and/or identifying and distinguishing different minerals) [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54].…”

Section: Qualitative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroanalytical chemistry for the analysis of solids: Characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report)

Doménech‐Carbó

Labuda

Scholz

2012

Pure and Applied Chemistry

156

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Solid state electroanalytical chemistry (SSEAC) deals with studies of the processes, materials, and methods specifically aimed to obtain analytical information (quantitative elemental composition, phase composition, structure information, and reactivity) on solid materials by means of electrochemical methods. The electrochemical characterization of solids is not only crucial for electrochemical applications of materials (e.g., in batteries, fuel cells, corrosion protection, electrochemical machining, etc.) but it lends itself also for providing analytical information on the structure and chemical and mineralogical composition of solid materials of all kinds such as metals and alloys, various films, conducting polymers, and materials used in nanotechnology. The present report concerns the relationships between molecular electrochemistry (i.e., solution electrochemistry) and solid state electrochemistry as applied to analysis. Special attention is focused on a critical evaluation of the different types of analytical information that are accessible by SSEAC.

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Section: Electrochemical Methods For the Analysis Of Solidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroanalytical chemistry for the analysis of solids: Characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report)

Doménech‐Carbó

Labuda

Scholz

2012

Pure and Applied Chemistry

156

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“…This technique is based on the principle that the electrochemistry of microparticles of electroactive solid material can be studied through their immobilisation on the electrode surface, recording the electrochemical response of the system electrode/particle/electrolyte [10]. The contact analyte/electrode can also be achieved by mixing small amounts of the solid material with graphite powder and a binder (either electrolytic or not) in the typical carbon paste electrodes [11][12][13] or by transferring the solid sample by abrasion to the surface of paraffinimpregnated graphite electrodes [14]; this technique is also called "abrasive stripping voltammetry". The voltammetry of microparticles has been introduced as analytical technique for works of art during the last decade, and a comprehensive view as well as a recent review is available in the literature [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nafion® as advanced immobilisation substrate for the voltammetric analysis of electroactive microparticles: the case of some artistic colouring agents

et al. 2013

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Voltammetry of microparticles is applied to characterise and to identify solid analytes of interest in the field of cultural heritage. Nafion® is used for the immobilisation of solid microparticles onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode by exploiting the deposition onto the electrode surface of a micro-volume of a suspension of the microsample in polymeric solution. Cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry are applied to characterise and to identify the microparticles immobilised in the Nafion® coating. The analyte studied in this work is Prussian Blue as a typical inorganic pigment, with a relatively simple electrochemical behaviour. The proposed method is applied to a sample of Venetian marmorino plaster. The performance of Nafion® for this analysis is compared with that of the polymer Paraloid B72.

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“…4 Esta técnica eletroanalítica baseia-se na imobilização de micropartículas de uma amostra sólida (menos de 1 μg) sobre a superfície de um eletrodo sólido adequado, o qual é imerso em um eletrólito líquido, e no subsequente registro de um sinal de corrente em função do potencial aplicado. 5,6 Os voltamogramas obtidos revelam informações sobre a composição química da amostra sólida.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Voltametria de micropartículas imobilizadas: fundamentos e aplicações analíticas

Carvalho¹,

Hilgemann²,

Spengler³

et al. 2010

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 9/11/09; aceito em 17/4/10; publicado na web em 1/9/10 VOLTAMMETRY OF IMMOBILIZED MICROPARTICLES: FUNDAMENTALS AND ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS. The theoretical aspects of Voltammetry of Immobilized Microparticles (VIM) were discussed. The immobilization of microparticles on electrode surface, the electrode cleaning processes and the electrode materials were analyzed. The three-phase electrode model and the possible reactions between the immobilized particle and the electrolytic solution were discussed. In addition, this work discusses some selected applications of VIM published in the last years.Keywords: voltammetry of immobilized microparticles; solid materials; three-phase electrode. INTRODUÇÃOTradicionalmente, a eletroanalítica está associada aos estudos de substâncias dissolvidas em fases líquidas. Desde a descrição da voltametria por Kolthoff e Laitinen, em 1940, 1 este método analítico tornou-se o mais importante no campo da eletroquímica. Entretanto, para que estudos eletroanalíticos de substâncias sólidas fossem possíveis, novas estratégias experimentais e conceitos teóricos tiveram que ser aprimorados a fim de superar os problemas associados com a preparação da amostra e a eletroquímica de fases sólidas.Em 1989, as dificuldades experimentais puderam ser superadas com o surgimento de uma nova técnica desenvolvida por Scholz e colaboradores, 2,3 chamada inicialmente de voltametria abrasiva de redissolução (AbrSV -Abrasive Stripping Voltammetry) e, posteriormente, de voltametria de micropartículas imobilizadas (VIM -Voltammetry of Immobilized Microparticles).4 Esta técnica eletroanalítica baseia-se na imobilização de micropartículas de uma amostra sólida (menos de 1 μg) sobre a superfície de um eletrodo sólido adequado, o qual é imerso em um eletrólito líquido, e no subsequente registro de um sinal de corrente em função do potencial aplicado. 5,6 Os voltamogramas obtidos revelam informações sobre a composição química da amostra sólida.A imobilização de micropartículas tem se tornado um método bastante utilizado para ensaios diretos de sólidos devido à facilidade de preparação do eletrodo, evitando a dissolução da amostra, além de possibilitar uma análise rápida e de baixo custo.7 Além de ser um método indicado para determinações qualitativas e semiquantitativas, 8,9 também fornece informações sobre a cinética das reações redox de materiais sólidos. 4,10 Encontram-se, na literatura, textos dedicados exclusivamente à VIM, a exemplo de capítulos em livros-texto, 4,11 de alguns artigos de revisão publicados em periódicos especializados, 7,9,12 e um livro-texto dedicado aos seus fundamentos e aplicações, publicado por Scholz, Schröder e Gulaboski intitulado "Electrochemistry of Immobilized Particles and Droplets". 13Este artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre os fundamentos que envolvem a determinação voltamétrica de materiais sólidos e suas principais aplicações analíticas. Os principais tipos de eletrodos utilizados são descritos, assim como a sua limpeza e a imobilização mecânica de micropartículas à su...

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Identification of solid materials with a new electrochemical technique — the abrasive stripping analysis

Cited by 75 publications

References 10 publications

Electroanalytical chemistry for the analysis of solids: Characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report)

Electroanalytical chemistry for the analysis of solids: Characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report)

Nafion® as advanced immobilisation substrate for the voltammetric analysis of electroactive microparticles: the case of some artistic colouring agents

Voltametria de micropartículas imobilizadas: fundamentos e aplicações analíticas

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