Identification of Species of Botryosphaeriaceae Causing Bot Gummosis in Citrus in California

Adesemoye, Anthony O.; Mayorquin, Joey S; Wang, D.H.; Twizeyimana, M.; Lynch, Shannon C.; Eskalen, Akif

doi:10.1094/pdis-05-13-0492-re

Cited by 81 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…When the ITS sequence of isolate 96-130 (= ATCC56125) studied by Smith & Stanosz (2001) was used as a BLAST query, we found 100% identity with sequences from the ex-type culture of N. australe (AY339262), suggesting that the isolate is N. australe rather than N. luteum. Although the importance of N. luteum as a eucalypt pathogen is unclear, it infects a wide range of fruit and forest trees worldwide (McDonald et al 2009, Adesemoye et al 2013, Barradas et al 2013) and has recently been isolated from declining tree heath (Erica arborea L.) shrubs in their natural range in Sardinia (Linaldeddu et al 2015b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging pests and diseases threaten Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantations in Sardinia, Italy

Deidda¹,

Buffa²,

Linaldeddu³

et al. 2016

iForest

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The rapid growth and environmental adaptability of Eucalyptus species has favored their global cultivation for pulpwood production. On the island of Sardinia, Italy, eucalypt plantations were established in the 20 th century primarily in areas reclaimed from marshland, but the trees are now grown all over the island as ornamentals or windbreaks, and for timber, pulp and honey production. In recent years, an unusual decline and mortality of unknown etiology has been observed in Eucalyptus camaldulensis (river red gum) plantations throughout the island. Given the ecological and economic importance of eucalypt ecosystems in Sardinia, a survey was carried out in 2013 to determine which insect pests and fungal pathogens are directly involved in these phenomena. Field surveys throughout the island revealed severe infestations with the red gum lerp psyllid (Glycaspis brimblecombei) at all 12 surveyed sites, with the greatest numbers of pre-imaginal stages and adults occurring between May and July. The adult population reached its peak in July, followed 2 months later by the peak population of its specific parasitoid, Psyllaephagus bliteus. Symptoms of leaf chlorosis, crown thinning, shoot and branch dieback, sunken cankers, epicormic shoots and exudations of kino gum were also observed at the 12 field sites. Symptomatic woody samples yielded fungal isolates representing three distinct families: Botryosphaeriaceae, Diaporthaceae and Valsaceae. Morphological and DNA sequence data revealed seven distinct fungal species, namely Diaporthe foeniculina, Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum, N. mediterraneum, N. parvum, N. vitifusiforme and Valsa fabianae. Two putative new species of Cytospora were also identified. Neofusicoccum australe was the only species recovered from all 12 sites, with isolation frequencies of 51-95%. Pathogenicity trials revealed that all Neofusicoccum species except N. vitifusiforme are directly involved in the etiology of the observed decline in the E. camaldulensis population on Sardinia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging pests and diseases threaten Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantations in Sardinia, Italy

Deidda¹,

Buffa²,

Linaldeddu³

et al. 2016

iForest

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“…L. theobromae and N. parvum have been previously reported to be highly virulent species in many other hosts in tropical and subtropical regions (Marques et al 2013;Chen et al 2014). Pathogenicity of L. theobromae and N. parvum has been well studied on fruit trees and other woody hosts in China and worldwide recently, including syzygium (Pavlic et al 2007), peach (Wang et al 2011), grapevine (Yan et al 2013;Úrbez et al 2008), pear (Zhai et al 2014), almond (Chen et al 2013), mango (Marques et al 2013), walnut ) and citrus (Adesemoye et al 2014). High virulence was shown when these species were inoculated on their respective hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phylogenetic studies, based on morphological characteristics and molecular analyses, have significantly contributed to Botryosphaeriaceae taxonomy , Slippers et al 2004. For example, use of morphological data and multi-allelic DNA sequence datasets from the rDNA (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2), β-tubulin and EF1-α genes has led to the recent identification of the pathogens involved in avocado branch cankers (McDonald and Eskalen 2011), grapevine cankers (Úrbez et al 2006, 2008), Walnut disease , and Citrus bot gummosis (Adesemoye et al 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and distribution of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with blueberry stem blight in China

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2015

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) has developed rapidly in China over the past 20 years because of its perceived health and nutritional benefits. Blueberry stem blight, caused by fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae, is the most destructive disease affecting blueberry production and quality worldwide. A field survey of 20 blueberry plantations in eight provinces across China was conducted to determine the occurrence and distribution of Botryosphaeriaceae species. In total, 69 Botryosphaeriaceae isolates associated with blueberry twig dieback and stem blight were identified based on morphological characteristics and analyses of nucleotide sequences of three genomic regions: the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α). Three species were identified, including: Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum parvum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Botryosphaeria dothidea and N. parvum were the most prevalent species and were widely distributed in all blueberry-growing regions. In contrast, L. theobromae was only found in southeastern regions. Koch's postulates showed all three species to be pathogenic when inoculated with mycelial plugs on detached and intact blueberry stems (cv. Bluecrop). Pathogenicity tests showed N. parvum and L. theobromae to be more virulent than B. dothidea. To our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive description for morphology, phylogenetic analysis, and distribution of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. as causal agents of blueberry stem blight in China.

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“…Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in a MyCycler (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA) using primers Bt2a and BT2b for the β-tubulin and ITS4 and ITS5 for the internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions [4,13,14]. The 25 μl PCR reaction contained 12.5 μl of GoTaq Green Master Mix (Promega, Madison, WI), 9.3 μl of PCRgrade water, 0.6 μl of 10 μM of each primer set, and 2 µl DNA templates.…”

Section: Morphology and Molecular Identification Of Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Neonectria macrodidyma with Dry Root Rot of Citrus in California

AO¹,

JS²,

BB³

et al. 2017

J Plant Pathol Microbiol

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During yearly surveys that started in 2010 to identify pathogens associated with dry root rot disease of citrus in California, samples with root rot symptoms were collected in Tulare County. Small pieces of tissue from root samples were plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with 0.01% tetracycline and incubated at 25°C. Pure cultures of fungal isolates were identified by morphology and sequence analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer and Beta Tubulin regions. Neonectria macrodidyma (Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum) was first recovered in 2011 and has subsequently been recovered multiple times from citrus samples. The pathogen appeared to be widely distributed in association with citrus dry root rot and possibly interacts with Fusarium solani, Phytophthora nicotianae and P. citrophthora, the major soil borne pathogens that were frequently identified from plant samples with root and/or crown rot of citrus in California. The fungal genus Cylindrocarpon (Teleomorph: Neonectria wolenw=Dactylonect ria=Ilyonectria) contains ubiquitous soil borne pathogens that cause black foot disease on a wide range of hosts, including grapevine, strawberry, apple, and conifers. Hosts typically become infected through natural wounds on roots and other below ground parts. In this report, we present strain UCR3312, which is the most recently isolated pathogenic strain in 2015. Considering the potential damage that this organism may cause to the citrus industry, detailed studies are recommended to better understand its distribution, epidemiology, and the general pathogen biology to improve the disease management practices.

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Identification of Species of Botryosphaeriaceae Causing Bot Gummosis in Citrus in California

Cited by 81 publications

References 35 publications

Emerging pests and diseases threaten Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantations in Sardinia, Italy

Emerging pests and diseases threaten Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantations in Sardinia, Italy

Identification and distribution of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with blueberry stem blight in China

Association of Neonectria macrodidyma with Dry Root Rot of Citrus in California

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