Identification of specific binding sites for XYR1, a transcriptional activator of cellulolytic and xylanolytic genes in Trichoderma reesei

Furukawa, Tatsuhiko; Shida, Yosuke; Kitagami, Naoki; Mori, Kazuki; Kato, Masashi; Kobayashi, Tetsuo; Okada, Hirofumi; Ogasawara, Wataru; Morikawa, Yasushi

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2009.04.001

Cited by 118 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In contrast, however, abf2 and bxl1 clearly were under the control of XYR1, and this control even overruled the positive action of L-arabinitol/L-arabinose and XYL1, thus showing that the two require xyr1 for expression. The identification of regulation of these two genes by XYR1 is also consistent with the detection of a higher number of copies of the XYR1-binding consensus GGC(T/A) 4 (15,40) in their promoters than in abf1 and abf3. In addition, only abf2 and bxl1 contained this motif in the form of a divergent and tandem repeat, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The fact that two of the genes (abf2 and bxl1) were appar- ently directly regulated by XYR1 prompted us to examine whether we could also detect the respective XYR1 binding sites [5Ј-GGC(A/T) (3)(4) -3Ј] (15,40) in the 5Ј upstream regions of these two, but not the other two (abf1 and abf3) genes (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, only abf2 and bxl1 contained this motif in the form of a divergent and tandem repeat, respectively. Furukawa et al (15) concluded that both single and double motifs are functional in H. jecorina. Our findings of the regulation by the general cellulase and hemicellulase regulator XYR1 are also supported by the data of Foreman et al (14), who found elevated transcripts for bxl1 and abf2 (although the latter only very weakly) on sophorose and lactose in H. jecorina QM6a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Regulation of Arabinan and l -Arabinose Metabolism in Hypocrea jecorina ( Trichoderma reesei )

et al. 2009

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Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph: Trichoderma reesei) can grow on plant arabinans by the aid of secreted arabinan-degrading enzymes. This growth on arabinan and its degradation product L-arabinose requires the operation of the aldose reductase XYL1 and the L-arabinitol dehydrogenase LAD1. Growth on arabinan and L-arabinose is also severely affected in a strain deficient in the general cellulase and hemicellulase regulator XYR1, but this impairment can be overcome by constitutive expression of the xyl1 encoding the aldose reductase. An inspection of the genome of H. jecorina reveals four genes capable of degrading arabinan, i.e., the ␣-L-arabinofuranosidase encoding genes abf1, abf2, and abf3 and also bxl1, which encodes a ␤-xylosidase with a separate ␣-L-arabinofuranosidase domain and activity but no endo-arabinanase. Transcriptional analysis reveals that in the parent strain QM9414 the expression of all of these genes is induced by L-arabinose and to a lesser extent by L-arabinitol and absent on D-glucose. Induction by L-arabinitol, however, is strongly enhanced in a ⌬lad1 strain lacking L-arabinitol dehydrogenase activity and severely impaired in an aldose reductase (⌬xyl1) strain, suggesting a cross talk between L-arabinitol and the aldose reductase XYL1 in an ␣-L-arabinofuranosidase gene expression. Strains bearing a knockout in the cellulase regulator xyr1 do not show any induction of abf2 and bxl1, and this phenotype cannot be reverted by constitutive expression of xyl1. The loss of function of xyr1 has also a slight effect on the expression of abf1 and abf3. We conclude that the expression of the four ␣-Larabinofuranosidases of H. jecorina for growth on arabinan requires an early pathway intermediate (L-arabinitol or L-arabinose), the first enzyme of the pathway XYL1, and in the case of abf2 and bxl1 also the function of the cellulase regulator XYR1.The recently reinitiated interest in second-generation biofuel production (i.e., from renewable plant material whose use does not compete with use for food and feed production) also led to a renaissance in cellulase and hemicellulase production by the ascomycete Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei), the current best producer of these enzymes (27). The efficient use of these enzymes for plant biomass hydrolysis, however, is still limited by several factors, including incomplete knowledge of regulation of production of these enzymes.The L-arabinose polymer arabinan is another polysaccharide found in plant cell wall heteropolysaccharides as a side chain of pectin (9), and L-arabinose is particularly abundant in the form of glucuronoarabinoxylans in monocotyledon primary cell walls of Commelinoid flowery plants and as arabinoxylans in cereal grains, where it can mount up to 25 to 30% (4, 11). H. jecorina is also able to degrade arabinan to L-arabinose by an arabinanolytic system. To date, two arabinofuranosidases have been characterized: an ␣-L-arabinofuranosidase (ABF1) (26) and a ␤-xylosidase which has a separate ␣ L-arabinofuranosidase domain and activity...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Regulation of Arabinan and l -Arabinose Metabolism in Hypocrea jecorina ( Trichoderma reesei )

et al. 2009

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“…In addition, a gene involved in xylose metabolism (xyrA; xylose reductase) is also regulated by XlnR (26). In H. jecorina, XYR1 has been shown to regulate some cellulase (cbh1, cbh2, and egl1) and hemicellulase (xyn1, xyn2, bxl1, and abf2 [arabinofuranosidase 2]) genes as well as xyl1 (xylose reductase) (1,20,31,51). Our data indicate that XLR-1 is required for utilization of xylose and hemicellulose in N. crassa and modulates cellulase activity.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms Associated with Hemicellulose Degradation in Neurospora crassa

et al. 2012

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ABSTRACTHemicellulose, the second most abundant plant biomass fraction after cellulose, is widely viewed as a potential substrate for the production of liquid fuels and other value-added materials. Degradation of hemicellulose by filamentous fungi requires production of many different enzymes, which are induced by biopolymers or its derivatives and regulated mainly at the transcriptional level through transcription factors (TFs).Neurospora crassa, a model filamentous fungus, expresses and secretes enzymes required for plant cell wall deconstruction. To better understand genes specifically associated with degradation of hemicellulose, we applied secretome and transcriptome analysis toN. crassagrown on beechwood xylan. We identified 34 secreted proteins and 353 genes with elevated transcription on xylan. The xylanolytic phenotype of strains with deletions in genes identified from the secretome and transcriptome analysis of the wild type was assessed, revealing functions for known and unknown proteins associated with hemicellulose degradation. By evaluating phenotypes of strains containing deletions of predicted TF genes inN. crassa, we identified a TF (XLR-1;xylan degradationregulator1) essential for hemicellulose degradation that is an ortholog to XlnR/XYR1 inAspergillusandTrichodermaspecies, respectively, a major transcriptional regulator of genes encoding both cellulases and hemicellulases. Deletion ofxlr-1inN. crassaabolished growth on xylan and xylose, but growth on cellulose and cellulolytic activity were only slightly affected. To determine the regulatory mechanisms for hemicellulose degradation, we explored the transcriptional regulon of XLR-1 under xylose, xylanolytic, and cellulolytic conditions. XLR-1 regulated only some predicted hemicellulase genes inN. crassaand was required for a full induction of several cellulase genes. Hemicellulase gene expression was induced by a combination of release from carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and induction. This systematic analysis illustrates the similarities and differences in regulation of hemicellulose degradation among filamentous fungi.

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“…ClrB of Penicillium oxalicum and homologous of other filamentous fungi(Clr-2 in N. crassa, ClrB in A. nidlans, and ManR in A. oryzae) recent studies have identified that it can promote the major cellulase genes and several hemicellulase genes expression, but no significant effect on the expression of xylanase gene. XlnR protein in Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei is the first transcriptional regulatory activator found to play a regulator role in the expression of cellulase and hemicellulase [9,10] . XlnR contains the Zn2Cys6-type zinc finger binding domain in fungi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different terminators on transcription regulatory factor ClrB and XlnR in Penicillium oxalicum 114-2

Yan

Wang

Bao

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 7th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (ICEESD 2018)

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Identification of specific binding sites for XYR1, a transcriptional activator of cellulolytic and xylanolytic genes in Trichoderma reesei

Cited by 118 publications

References 47 publications

Molecular Regulation of Arabinan and l -Arabinose Metabolism in Hypocrea jecorina ( Trichoderma reesei )

Molecular Regulation of Arabinan and l -Arabinose Metabolism in Hypocrea jecorina ( Trichoderma reesei )

Deciphering Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms Associated with Hemicellulose Degradation in Neurospora crassa

Effect of different terminators on transcription regulatory factor ClrB and XlnR in Penicillium oxalicum 114-2

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