Identification of Specific Oral and Gut Pathogens in Full Thickness Colon of Colitis Patients: Implications for Colon Motility

Abstract

Impaired colon motility is one of the leading problems associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An expanding body of evidence supports the role of microbiome in normal gut function and in progression of IBD. The objective of this work is to determine whether diseased full thickness colon specimens, including the neuromuscular region (critical for colon motility function), contain specific oral and gut pathogens. In addition, we compared the differences in colon microbiome between Caucasians (CA) and African Americans (AA). Thirty-nine human full thickness colon (diseased colon and adjacent healthy colon) specimens were collected from Crohn's Colitis (CC) or Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients while they underwent elective colon surgeries. We isolated and analyzed bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from colon specimens by amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene region. The microbiome proportions were quantified into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) by analysis with Quantitative Insights Into Microbial ecology (QIIME) platform. Two hundred twenty-eight different bacterial species were identified by QIIME analysis. However, we could only decipher the species name of fifty-three bacteria. Our results show that proportion of non-detrimental bacteria in CC or UC colon samples were altered compared to adjacent healthy colon specimens. We further show, for the first time in full thickness colon specimens, that microbiome of CC and UC diseased specimens is dominated by putative oral pathogens belonging to the Phyla Firmicutes (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Peptostreptococcus), and Fusobacteria (Fusobacterium). In addition, we have identified patterns of differences in microbiome levels between CA and AA specimens with potential implications for health disparities research. Overall, our results suggest a significant association between oral and gut microbes in the modulation of colon motility in colitis patients.

Long‐term changes in the gut microbiota after 14‐day bismuth quadruple therapy in penicillin‐allergic children

“…In general, the group of gut microbes associated with a good health outcome are identified as “potential beneficial bacteria,” 33 such as short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐producing bacteria ( Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, etc) 34‐36 . Those could potentially lead to development or progression of noncommunicable diseases are identified as “potential detrimental microbes,” 33 such as enteric pathogens and opportunistic pathogens ( Escherichia‐Shigella , Klebsiella , Enterococcus , Streptococcus , etc) 37‐39 …”

Gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with development and progression of radiation enteritis during pelvic radiotherapy

“…The exclusion criteria were as follows: recent (<2 months prior) use of any antibiotic or probiotic therapy, recent (<2 weeks prior) use of any proton pump inhibitors, known any other enteritis, 9,10 known autoimmune condition, significant gastrointestinal disorder, age <18 years, vegetarians, abnormal BMI value (<18.5 or >24), known history of any other cancer, 12 and significant liver, renal, or peptic ulcer disease.…”

Fusobacterium nucleatum Activates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Promote Crohn’s Disease Development via the Upregulation of CARD3 Expression

“…Previous studies have shown that the invasive potential of gut mucosa-derived F. nucleatum positively correlated with CD status of the host (Zhou et al, 2016;Dinakaran et al, 2018). To verify the potential relationship between gut microbiota alterations and CD, we compared three inflamed tissues from patients with active CD (ACD) and three inflamed tissues from patients with remitted CD (RCD) by HiSeq 2500 sequencing.…”