Identification of Stable Phosphorus-Containing Combustion Byproducts by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Preceded by Derivatization

Abstract

The technique of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry preceded by trimethylsilyl derivatization has been applied to identify combustion byproducts from a premixed CH4/O2/N2 flame doped with dimethyl methylphosphonate, a simulant for organophosphorus chemical warfare agents. The following species or their derivatization products were detected: dimethyl methylphosphonate, methyl methyphosphonate, dimethyl phosphate, monomethyl phosphate, methylphosphonic acid, orthophosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, and phosphonic acid. Reference mass spectra are provided for three of these species. Tests indicate that mixtures of these species did not participate in interchange reactions during sampling and analysis. Remaining to be investigated are the fate of reactive compounds from the flame, the possibility of reactions other than interchange reactions, and the possibility of losses of stable compounds at various points in the sampling and analysis procedure.

Flame‐retarding effects of dialkyl‐p‐vinylbenzyl phosphonates in copolymers with acrylonitrile

“…backbone) group and the other from the attached or pendent group. Furthermore, there are two distinct mechanisms of flame‐retardance that can be envisaged for a phosphonate‐containing AN copolymer: vapour‐phase phosphorus flame suppression and condensed‐phase cyclative char formation 17, 18. The former can arise from elimination of a thermally labile phosphorus‐containing moiety from the polymer side‐chain; the latter from the production of a nucleophilic non‐volatile phosphorus‐containing residue able to undergo or promote crosslinking 8, 9, 12…”

Chemical Emission Scenarios and Detection Limits for Active Infrared Remote Sensing

“…Compound ( This scenario assumes complete combustion of material; in fact some material maybe volatilized without destruction (Pugh et al 1970;Rapp et al 1997;Cool et al 1998 2.8e-007 m ***** ********** *********************************************** Burning Sarin: Satin, 909 kg, ten-minute plume. 2.8e-007 m ***** ********************************************************* Met Data Relative Humidky: 50% 2.8e-007 m ***** ********** *********************************************** (1996) (d) Hunt and WilIiams (1977) (e) Krotoszynski et al (1977) (i-) Phillips and Greenberg (1987) (g) Phillips and Greenberg (1992) (h) Conkle et al (1975) (i) Gehnont et al (1981) Scenario: One-thousand people pefiorming sedentary and light-duty activities in an underground facility.…”