Identification of suitable reference genes in Taxodium ‘Zhongshanshan’ under abiotic stresses

Yin

et al. 2021

Forests

Self Cite

The phosphorus (P) deficiency is the one of the key constraints for Taxodium ‘Zhongshanshan’ afforestation. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to explore root foraging ability for P in different genotypes of Taxodium ‘Zhongshanshan’ (T.’Zhongshanshan’) and their parents (T.mucronatum and T.distichum). Five P levels of CK (31 mg/L), P15 (15 mg/L), P10 (10 mg/L), P5 (5 mg/L), and P0 (0 mg/L) were set up as the P deficiency stress treatment. The plant P contents, root morphological indices, and plant growth traits of different taxodium genotypes were measured. Meanwhile, the root foraging ability for P was evaluated with the membership function method in combination with weight. Results showed that: (1) Except the plant P content, the root morphology, plant net biomass, and height showed significant differences among the different genotypes (P < 0.05); the P deficiency stress had no significant influence on root morphology, but a significant influence on plant net biomass and height and P content; (2) T.mucronatum and T.‘Zhongshanshan’302 had relatively lower values of root length, root surface area, root volume, and plant net biomass, but had no difference of plant P content with the other genotypes; (3) T.mucronatum and T.‘Zhongshanshan’302 had higher root foraging ability for P than the other genotypes; (4) the stepwise regression analysis revealed the root volume as the main factor significantly influencing the root foraging ability. This study concluded that different genotypes of T.’Zhongshanshan’ and their parents had different root foraging ability for P, and breeding and screening the fine varieties is conducive for the afforestation in P-limited areas.

Section: Comprehensive Evaluation Of Root P-foraging Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Foraging Ability for Phosphorus in Different Genotypes Taxodium ‘Zhongshanshan’ and Their Parents under Phosphorus Deficiency

Xie

Yin

et al. 2021

Forests

Self Cite

“…ThADHs are Zn-binding enzymes with two conserved domains: one ADH_N and one ADH_zinc_N domain. Both ThADHs have a large conserved DNA-binding domain (adh_III_F_hyde domain); almost all plant ADH proteins have these conserved domains, which may explain the reason for the highly conserved nature of plant alcohol dehydrogenases [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Functional Analysis of ThADH1 and ThADH4 Genes Involved in Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress in Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Genes

Self Cite

The Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ (T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’) [Taxodium mucronatum Tenore × Taxodium distichum (L.). Rich] has an outstanding advantage in flooding tolerance and thus has been widely used in wetland afforestation in China. Alcohol dehydrogenase genes (ADHs) played key roles in ethanol metabolism to maintain energy supply for plants in low-oxygen conditions. Two ADH genes were isolated and characterized—ThADH1 and ThADH4 (GenBank ID: AWL83216 and AWL83217—basing on the transcriptome data of T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ grown under waterlogging stress. Then the functions of these two genes were investigated through transient expression and overexpression. The results showed that the ThADH1 and ThADH4 proteins both fall under ADH III subfamily. ThADH1 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas ThADH4 was only localized in the cytoplasm. The expression of the two genes was stimulated by waterlogging and the expression level in roots was significantly higher than those in stems and leaves. The respective overexpression of ThADH1 and ThADH4 in Populus caused the opposite phenotype, while waterlogging tolerance of the two transgenic Populus significantly improved. Collectively, these results indicated that genes ThADH1 and ThADH4 were involved in the tolerance and adaptation to anaerobic conditions in T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’.

“…The complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized for real-time PCR based on 1 μg DNase-treated RNA using PrineScript@RTase (200 U) system (TaKaRa), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Primers for the reference gene adenine phosphoribosyl transferase ( APRT ) and the three target genes were designed using the Oligo 6.0 software with the following parameters: melting temperatures of 58–62 °C, primer lengths of 19–25 bp, GC content of 40–60% and amplicon lengths of 80–210 bp ( Table 1 ) [ 22 ]. Real-time PCR was conducted in 96-well plates and performed on the Analitik Jena qTOWER2.2 PCR System (Biometra, Gottingen, Germany) using the following cycling conditions: 50 °C for 2 min, 95 °C for 10 min, and 40 cycles of 95 °C for 15 s, 60 °C for 1 min followed by a melting curve analysis by heating the PCR products from 60 to 95 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and Characterization of ThSHRs and ThSCR Transcription Factors in Taxodium Hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’

Wang

Yin

et al. 2017

Genes

Self Cite

Among the GRAS family of transcription factors, SHORT ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) are key regulators of the formation of root tissues. In this study, we isolated and characterized two genes encoding SHR proteins and one gene encoding an SCR protein: ThSHR1 (Accession Number MF045148), ThSHR2 (Accession Number MF045149) and ThSCR (Accession Number MF045152) in the adventitious roots of Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan’. Gene structure analysis indicated that ThSHR1, ThSHR2 and ThSCR are all intron free. Multiple protein sequence alignments showed that each of the corresponding proteins, ThSHR1, ThSHR2 and ThSCR, contained five well-conserved domains: leucine heptad repeat I (LHRI), the VHIID motif, leucine heptad repeat II (LHR II), the PFYRE motif, and the SAW motif. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that ThSCR was positioned in the SCR clade with the SCR proteins from eight other species, while ThSHR1 and ThSHR2 were positioned in the SHR clade with the SHR proteins from six other species. Temporal expression patterns of these genes were profiled during the process of adventitious root development on stem cuttings. Whereas expression of both ThSHR2 and ThSCR increased up to primary root formation before declining, that of ThSHR1 increased steadily throughout adventitious root formation. Subcellular localization studies in transgenic poplar protoplasts revealed that ThSHR1, ThSHR2 and ThSCR were localized in the nucleus. Collectively, these results suggest that the three genes encode Taxodium GRAS family transcription factors, and the findings contribute to improving our understanding of the expression and function of SHR and SCR during adventitious root production, which may then be manipulated to achieve high rates of asexual propagation of valuable tree species.