Identification of Th0 cells responding to measles virus

Howe, Rawleigh; Ovsyannikova, Inna G.; Pinsky, Norman A.

doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2004.10.007

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…On the other hand, a skewed response toward Th2 type characterized by IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production [36] may also be produced after measles vaccination, which clears infection in an antibody-dependent manner. Our results are in accordance with our previous studies in which we demonstrated the presence of both cellular and humoral responses after measles vaccination characterized by both Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in large populationbased studies [37][38][39]. In this study, we selected a subgroup of five subjects' representative of the spectrum of humoral and cellular immune responses to study the gene expression profiles after vaccination with additional dose of measles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Immune Activation at Effector and Gene Expression Levels After Measles Vaccination in Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study

et al. 2005

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Immune Activation at Effector and Gene Expression Levels After Measles Vaccination in Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study

et al. 2005

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In comparison, a Th2 response is characterized by IL‐4 production and high levels of measles‐specific antibodies after measles infection [8,10,38], which is used traditionally as the measure of protective immunity against subsequent infection. Because we found a positive correlation between lymphoproliferation and IL‐4 and IFN‐γ, our results suggest that measles immunity is maintained by both Th1/Th2 cells (or Th0‐type T cells that are producers of both IL‐4 and IFN‐γ) [39]. Similar Th0 responses to wild‐type measles virus‐infected dendritic cells have also been observed [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Further, we measured Th1 and Th2 cytokines in a whole lymphocyte population instead of isolated CD4 and CD8 populations due to a limitation in cell numbers available. However, we believe that CD4 cells are the predominant producers of the Th1/Th2 mixed response to measles based on our previous studies characterizing cytokine secreting cell types after measles stimulation [22,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations among measles virus-specific antibody, lymphoproliferation and Th1/Th2 cytokine responses following measles–mumps–rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccination

Dhiman

Ovsyannikova

Ryan

et al. 2005

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryImmunity to measles is conferred by the interplay of humoral and cellular immune responses, the latter being critical in maintaining long-term recall response. Therefore, it is important to evaluate measles-specific humoral and cellular immunity in populations several years after vaccination and understand the correlations among these measures of immunity. We examined measles-specific antibodies, lymphoproliferation and the Th1/Th2 signature cytokines, interferon (IFN)-γ γ γ γ and interleukin (IL)-4, in a population-based cohort of healthy children from Olmsted County, Minnesota after two doses of measles-mumps-rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccine. We detected positive measures of measles-specific cellular and humoral immunity in the majority of our study population. However, a small proportion of subjects demonstrated an immune response skewed towards the Th2 type, characterized by the presence of either IL-4 and/or measles-specific antibodies and a lack of IFN-γ γ γ γ production. Further, we observed a significant positive correlation between lymphoproliferation and secretion of IFN-γ γ γ γ ( r = = = = 0·20, P = = = = 0·0002) and IL-4 ( r = = = = 0·15, P = = = = 0·005). Measles antibody levels were correlated with lymphoproliferation ( r = = = = 0·12, P = = = = 0·03), but lacked correlation to either cytokine type. In conclusion, we demonstrated the presence of both long-term cellular and humoral responses after MMR-II vaccination in a significant proportion of study subjects. Further, a positive correlation between lymphoproliferation and IL-4 and IFN-γ γ γ γ suggests that immunity to measles may be maintained by both Th1 and Th2 cells. We speculate that the Th2 biased response observed in a subset of our subjects may be insufficient to provide long-term immunity against measles. Further examination of the determinants of Th1 versus Th2 skewing of the immune response and long-term follow-up is needed.

show abstract

“…In a third study, no differences in the expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, or IL-12 were found between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals by ex vivo hybridization for cytokine mRNA in PBLs (21). However, when PBLs from vaccinees were stimulated with MV and analyzed on a per-cell basis by limiting dilution, it was found that nearly all T cells expressed IFN-␥, either alone or in combination with IL-4 (16). In a similar cohort of vaccinees, it could demonstrated by a IL-4-receptor-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that PBLs from about half of the individuals secreted IL-4 (7) (IFN-␥ secretion was not addressed).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Cytokine Imbalance after Measles Virus Infection Has No Correlation with Immune Suppression

Carsillo¹,

Klapproth

Niewiesk

2009

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Measles virus infection leads to immune suppression. A potential mechanism is the reduction of interleukin 12 (IL-12) secretion during acute measles, resulting in a TH2 response. Studies in humans have reported conflicting results, detecting either a TH2 or a TH1 response. We have investigated the correlation between a TH2 response and immune suppression in specific-pathogen-free inbred cotton rats which were infected with measles vaccine and wild-type viruses. After infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages with wild-type virus, IL-12 secretion was reduced in contrast to the level for vaccine virus infection. In bronchoalveolar lavage cells, IL-12 secretion was suppressed after infection with both wild-type and vaccine virus on days 2, 4, and 6 and was detectable on days 8 and 10. After stimulation of mediastinal lymph node and spleen cells with UV-inactivated measles virus at various time points after infection, gamma interferon but no IL-4 was found. After stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate-ionomycin, high gamma interferon and low IL-4 levels were detected. To investigate whether the secretion of IL-4 contributes to immune suppression, a recombinant vaccine virus was created which secretes cotton rat IL-4. After infection with this recombinant virus, IL-4 secretion was enhanced. However, neither inhibition of concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells nor keyhole limpet hemocyanin-specific proliferation of spleen cells was altered after infection with the recombinant virus in comparison to the levels with the parental virus. Our data indicate that measles virus infection leads to a decrease in IL-12 secretion and an increase in IL-4 secretion, but this does not seem to correlate with immune suppression.Acute measles is caused by infection with measles virus (MV) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The main reason for these is thought to be immune suppression due to MV infection. Studies addressing the mechanism of immune suppression have found evidence for a number of possible mechanisms. These include unidentified soluble mediators (10,39,40), interference with the type I interferon (IFN) system (for a review, see reference 9), apoptosis (8), impaired lymphoproliferation (23, 35), interleukin 12 (IL-12) downregulation (1, 18), and impaired dendritic cell (DC) function (36). Some of the mechanisms may operate in conjunction with each other; e.g., it is possible that the downregulation of IL-12 might lead to the development of a T-helper 2 (TH2) response that results in impaired lymphoproliferation. The evidence for this line of argument is that human macrophages, after stimulation through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), secrete less IL-12 when infected with MV (18). In MV-infected humans, the percentage of IL-12-expressing macrophages is reduced (1), and in Rhesus macaques, lowered serum levels of IL-12 have been found during MV infection (31). In macaques, this correlates with an increase of eosinophils in peripheral blood, indicative of increased secretion of .In serum or supernatants ...

show abstract

Identification of Th0 cells responding to measles virus

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Immune Activation at Effector and Gene Expression Levels After Measles Vaccination in Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study

Immune Activation at Effector and Gene Expression Levels After Measles Vaccination in Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study

Correlations among measles virus-specific antibody, lymphoproliferation and Th1/Th2 cytokine responses following measles–mumps–rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccination

Cytokine Imbalance after Measles Virus Infection Has No Correlation with Immune Suppression

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About