Identification of the caudal epidural space

Lee, M.E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1988.tb04169.x

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Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…These are however subjective end points. The ‘whoosh’ test was first described by Lee in 1988 (8) and the value of the test was confirmed by Lewis et al in 1992 (1). Chan et al (2) demonstrated that the predictive value of a positive ‘whoosh’ (97.7%) was much higher than that of a positive ‘give’ (78%) and loss of resistance (80.7%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Comparison of ‘whoosh’ and modified ‘swoosh’ test for identification of the caudal epidural space in children

Talwar

Tyagi

Mullick

et al. 2005

Pediatric Anesthesia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Comparison of ‘whoosh’ and modified ‘swoosh’ test for identification of the caudal epidural space in children

Talwar

Tyagi

Mullick

et al. 2005

Pediatric Anesthesia

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“…Lee described what was later called the "whoosh" test. 3 Lewis and co-workers used epidurography in 26 patients to confirm the value of this test. 2 A search of the literature revealed that no study has compared the "whoosh" test to the other confirmatory signs already in use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Whoosh” Test as a Teaching Aid in Caudal Block

Chan

Tay

Thomas

1993

Anaesth Intensive Care

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Fifty-three patients presenting for minor gynaecological procedures received caudal blocks performed by residents. These residents used the standard technique which relied on the "give" felt as a needle penetrates the sacrococcygeal membrane and the loss of resistance to air when the needle is correctly placed. The "whoosh" test was noted by the supervising anaesthetist who did not reveal his findings to the residents. A positive test consisted of a characteristic "whoosh" sound on auscultation of the thoracolumbar region when 2 to 3 ml of air was injected into the caudal extradural space. The predictive value of a positive test was found to be 78%, 80.7% and 97.7% (P< 0.01) for a positive "give'; loss of resistance and "whoosh" test respectively. Negative tests had no predictive value for "give" and loss of resistance whilst the predictive value of an absent "whoosh" was 100% (P< 0.05). Thus we conclude that the "whoosh" test is an excellent aid in the teaching of caudal anaesthesia.

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Respiratory arrest after caudal bupivacaine

Lee¹,

Colins²

1990

Anaesthesia

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Identification of the caudal epidural space

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of ‘whoosh’ and modified ‘swoosh’ test for identification of the caudal epidural space in children

Comparison of ‘whoosh’ and modified ‘swoosh’ test for identification of the caudal epidural space in children

“Whoosh” Test as a Teaching Aid in Caudal Block

Respiratory arrest after caudal bupivacaine

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