Identification of the CIPK-CBL family gene and functional characterization of CqCIPK14 gene under drought stress in quinoa

Abstract

Background Calcineurin-like Protein (CBL) and CBL interacting protein kinase (CIPK) play a key role in plant signal transduction and response to various environmental stimuli. Quinoa, as an important plant with high nutritional value, can meet the basic nutritional needs of human Cash crop, is also susceptible to abiotic stress. However, CBL-CIPK in quinoa have not been reported. Results In this study, 16 CBL and 41 CIPK genes were identified in quinoa. CBL-CIPK gene shows different intron-exon gene structure and motif, they participate in different biological processes, and form a complex regulatory network between CBL-CIPK proteins. Many cis-regulatory element associated with ABA and drought have been found. The expression patterns of CBL-CIPK showed different expression patterns in various abiotic stresses and tissues. RT-qPCR showed that most members of these two gene families were involved in drought regulation of quinoa, in particular, the expression levels of CqCIPK11, CqCIPK15, CqCIPK37 and CqCBL13 increased significantly under drought stress. Conclusions The structures and functions of the CBL-CIPK family in quinoa were systematically explored. Many CBL-CIPK may play vital roles in the regulation of organ development, growth, and responses to abiotic stresses. This research has great significance for the functional characterisation of the quinoa CBL-CIPK family and our understanding of the CBL-CIPK family in higher plants.

Comprehensive Analysis of Calcium Sensor Families, CBL and CIPK, in <em>Aeluropus littoralis</em> and Its Expression Profile in Response to Salinity

“…This grouping is also reflected by their low intron number (less than three introns) and high intron number (more than ten introns). Moreover, this feature has also been reported in previous studies where CIPKs have been classified into two groups based on their intron structure [35,58]. It was stated that partial duplication probably has affected the intron number of gene family members [59].…”

“…Due to the importance of calcium-dependent signaling pathways, these gene families, CBL and CIPK, have been studied in various plants. 23 CBLs and 58 CIPK genes were identified from the genome of Medicago sativa [28], 27 CIPK genes from potato [30], 9 CBLs and 30 CIPK genes from the pecan genome [51], 10 CBLs and 26 CIPKs from Arabidopsis [17], 7 CBLs and 20 CIPK genes from bread wheat [52], 7 CBLs and 23 CIPK genes from canola [53], 16 CBLs and 41 CIPK genes from quinoa [35], and 20 CIPK genes from sugar beet [31]. The different number of members of this gene family suggests that they may have been subjected to evolutionary pressures differently in each plant [54,55].…”

“…In Saccharum spontaneum, CIPK genes were shown to respond to abiotic stresses as cold and water stress, and ABA treatment [32]. Overall, it seems that cell signaling networks linked with CBL-CIPK play critical roles in response to abiotic stresses [33][34][35].…”

The Peach (Prunus persica) CBL and CIPK Family Genes: Protein Interaction Profiling and Expression Analysis in Response to Various Abiotic Stresses

“…The CBL–CIPK gene family is composed of plant-specific and calcium signaling genes and is involved in indispensable signaling modules in various stress signaling pathways. The physiological functions of some CBL–CIPK pairs have been identified in a variety of plants [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], but less information on CBL–CIPK in peach trees has been reported. Therefore, the peach CIPK-CBL gene family members were identified by genome-wide bioinformatics analysis.…”

“…Previous studies have shown that CIPK, or the CBL–CIPK complex, plays important roles in responses to environmental stresses [ 22 , 30 ]. For example, AtCIPK24 (SOS2) enables Arabidopsis to resist salt stress by interacting with AtCBL10 (SOS3) [ 29 ].…”