Identification of the Emerging Pathogen
            <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i>
            Biotype 3 by Commercially Available Phenotypic Methods

Colodner, Raul; Raz, Raul; Meir, Irit; Lazarovich, Tsilia; Lerner, Larisa; Kopelowitz, June; Keness, Yoram; Sakran, Waheeb; Ken-Dror, Shifra; Bisharat, Naiel

doi:10.1128/jcm.42.9.4137-4140.2004

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The percentage of correctly identified strains was 60% when the API 20E system was used and 0% with the API 20NE system. These results are in agreement with previous reports on the doubtful usefulness of both API systems for identification of clinical and environmental V. vulnificus isolates (10,17,18,29), although they are still being used, mostly for clinical diagnosis. Based on these results, the BIOLOG system is the most adequate system for V. vulnificus identification at the species level, and the other two systems, especially the API 20NE system, should not be used unless the databases are updated with the profiles found in the present work.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Evaluation of Genotypic and Phenotypic Methods To Distinguish Clinical from Environmental Vibrio vulnificus Strains

Sanjuán

Fouz

Oliver

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Vibrio vulnificus is a heterogeneous bacterial species that comprises virulent and avirulent strains from environmental and clinical sources that have been grouped into three biotypes. To validate the typing methods proposed to distinguish clinical from environmental isolates, we performed phenotypic (API 20E, API 20NE, and BIOLOG tests) and genetic (ribotyping and DNA polymorphism at several loci) studies with a large strain collection representing different biotypes, origins, and host ranges. No phenotypic method was useful for biotyping or grouping strains with regard to the origin of an isolate, and only the BIOLOG system was reliable for identifying the strains at the species level. DNA polymorphisms divided the population into three major profiles. Profile 1 strains were vcg type C, 16S rRNA type B, and vvh type 1 and included most of the biotype 1 human septicemic isolates; profile 2 strains were vcg type E, 16S rRNA type A, and vvh type 2 and included all biotype 2 isolates together with biotype 1 isolates from fish and water and some human isolates; and profile 3 strains were vcg type E, 16S rRNA type AB, and vvh type 2 and included biotype 3 strains. Ribotyping divided the species into two groups: one group that included profile 1 biotype 1 isolates and one group that included isolates of all three biotypes with the three profiles described above. In conclusion, no genotyping system was able to distinguish either clinical strains from environmental strains or biogroups within the species V. vulnificus, which suggests that new typing methodologies useful for public health have to be developed for this species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…This species is phenotypically and serologically heterogeneous (9,17,38). Originally, it was divided into two biotypes, one virulent for humans and one virulent for fish (38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Genotypic and Phenotypic Methods To Distinguish Clinical from Environmental Vibrio vulnificus Strains

Sanjuán

Fouz

Oliver

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In the only other published study of the Phoenix system that used conventional biochemicals for a reference method, Colodner et al reported 90.2% accuracy when identifying 51 isolates of Vibrio vulnificus biotype 3 as Vibrio vulnificus (2). Because the present study did not include any biogroup 3 isolates, it is not known how the present results compare to those of Colodner and coworkers (2).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…Because the present study did not include any biogroup 3 isolates, it is not known how the present results compare to those of Colodner and coworkers (2).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Evaluation of the Phoenix 100 ID/AST System and NID Panel for Identification of Enterobacteriaceae , Vibrionaceae , and Commonly Isolated Nonenteric Gram-Negative Bacilli

O'Hara

2006

J Clin Microbiol

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The Phoenix 100 ID/AST system (Becton Dickinson Co., Sparks, Md.) is an automated system for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates. This system with its negative identification (NID) panel was evaluated for its accuracy in the identification of 507 isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae, 57 other nonenteric gram-negative isolates that are commonly isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories, and 138 isolates of the family Vibrionaceae. All of the isolates had been characterized by using approximately 48 conventional tube biochemicals. Of the 507 isolates of the Enterobacteriaceae, 456 (89.9%) were correctly identified to the genus and species levels. The five isolates of Proteus penneri required an off-line indole test, as suggested by the system to differentiate them from Proteus vulgaris. The identifications of 20 (3.9%) isolates were correct to the genus level but incorrect at the species level. Two (0.4%) isolates were reported as "no identification." Misidentifications to the genus and species levels occurred for 29 (5.7%) isolates of the Enterobacteriaceae. These incorrect identifications were spread over 14 different genera. The most common error was the misidentification of Salmonella species. The shortest time for a correct identification was 2 h 8 min. The longest time was 12 h 27 min, for the identification of a Serratia marcescens isolate. Of the 57 isolates of nonenteric gram-negative bacilli (Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Burkholderia, Plesiomonas, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas spp.), 48 (84.2%) were correctly identified to the genus and species levels and 7 (12.3%) were correctly identified to the genus level but not to the species level. The average time for a correct identification was 5 h 11 min. Of the Vibrionaceae spp., 123 (89.1%) were correctly identified at the end of the initial incubation period, which averaged 4 h. Based on the findings of this study, the Phoenix 100 ID/AST system NID panel falls short of being an acceptable new method for the identification of the Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae, and gram-negative nonenteric isolates that are commonly encountered in many hospital microbiology laboratories.The introduction of the Phoenix 100 ID/AST system (Becton Dickinson Co.[BD], Sparks, Md.) within the United States brings to four the number of automated identification systems on the market worldwide. The use of automated systems in clinical microbiology laboratories is widespread, and technologists rely heavily on their accuracy. Since bacterial identifications are linked to the algorithms for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in several of the machines, the accuracy of the identification affects the interpretation of the accompanying antimicrobial susceptibility tests. I evaluated the accuracy of the Phoenix 100 ID/AST system and the negative identification (NID) panel when they were used to identify members of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae, members of the genera Aeromonas and Plesiomonas, and commonly isolate...

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“…The organism is sensitive to the vibriostatic compound O/129 (aeromonads are resistant), positive for the string test, and grows at higher salt concentrations but does not grow at 0% NaCl (as was seen in our patient) (10,11). Commercial biochemical test kits (e.g., API 20E) may differentiate Vibrio vulnificus from Aeromonas or Plesiomonas spp., but several reports show evidence of an inability to accurately differentiate these organisms (1,(8)(9)(10)20). A useful alternative to biochemical methods in the identification of the cause of necrotizing fasciitis is that of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, which has the ability to accurately confirm the identity of V. vulnificus and differentiate it from other organisms such as Aeromonas and Plesiomonas (2,9,21,22,24,25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing Fasciitis fromVibrio vulnificusin a Patient with Undiagnosed Hepatitis and Cirrhosis

Muldrew¹,

Miller

Kressin³

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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Necrotizing fasciitis due to Vibrio vulnificus may result in overwhelming sepsis, leading to death in some patients. Significant risk factors for severe disease include preexisting liver disease. We report a case of Vibrio vulnificus necrotizing fasciitis in a patient with previously undiagnosed chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. CASE REPORTThe patient was a 50-year-old Cambodian male with no significant prior medical history who developed bilateral lowerextremity pain and shortness of breath approximately 24 h prior to admission. He also complained of subjective fever and resolved watery diarrhea. As a chef at a local Asian restaurant, he prepared food for the restaurant, including fresh seafood. On presentation to the emergency department (ED), the patient's vital statistics were as follows: temperature, 97.7°F; heart rate, 114 beats/min; blood pressure, 132/90 mm Hg; respiratory rate, 26; and SpO 2 (saturation of oxyhemoglobin), 93% on room air. The patient complained primarily of shortness of breath and leg pain and was noted to be developing lower-extremity swelling and erythema bilaterally. The patient was evaluated for deep venous thrombosis and acute pulmonary embolus (PE) with both PE protocol chest computed tomography and bilateral duplex ultrasonography of his lower extremities. In addition, blood cultures were performed to evaluate for acute infection.Chest computed tomography did not reveal evidence of PE but did demonstrate complete situs inversus and apparent cirrhosis with ascites; ultrasound revealed no venous thrombosis. His medical history included ingestion of approximately one to two beers per day for several years. He smoked one pack of cigarettes per day for more than 10 years and denied traveling outside of Tennessee since moving from Cambodia 17 years previously. The patient's initial laboratory analysis (compared to normal values) revealed creatine kinase, 261 units/liter (30 to 210 units/liter); white blood cell count, 2.3 ϫ 10 3 cells/l (3.9 ϫ 10 3 to 10.3 ϫ 10 3 cells/l); platelets, 33,000/l (135,000 to 370,000/l); bicarbonate, 14 mmol/liter (23 to 30 mmol/liter), pH 7.34; blood urea nitrogen, 28 mg/dl (5 to 25 mg/dl); creatinine, 1.9 mg/dl (0.7 to 1.6 mg/dl); glucose, 65 mg/dl (70 to 110 mg/dl); international normalized ratio, 1.8; and total bilirubin, 2.8 mg/dl (0.2 to 1.2 mg/dl). The patient had a single episode of watery diarrhea while in the ED (a stool sample was not obtained), and his blood pressure became tenuous, with a systolic blood pressure in the 80s despite the rapid infusion of 3 liters of 0.9% saline. He was admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) for further evaluation and management of presumed septic shock due to severe enteritis.On his initial examination in the MICU, the patient's temperature was 96.7°F, his heart rate was 115 beats/min, his blood pressure was 96/62 mm Hg on norepinephrine and vasopressin infusions, his respiratory rate was 26, and his SpO 2 was 93% on 3 liters per minute by nasal cannula. His sclerae were anicteric, and his liver edge w...

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Identification of the Emerging Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus Biotype 3 by Commercially Available Phenotypic Methods

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of Genotypic and Phenotypic Methods To Distinguish Clinical from Environmental Vibrio vulnificus Strains

Evaluation of Genotypic and Phenotypic Methods To Distinguish Clinical from Environmental Vibrio vulnificus Strains

Evaluation of the Phoenix 100 ID/AST System and NID Panel for Identification of Enterobacteriaceae , Vibrionaceae , and Commonly Isolated Nonenteric Gram-Negative Bacilli

Necrotizing Fasciitis fromVibrio vulnificusin a Patient with Undiagnosed Hepatitis and Cirrhosis

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