Identification of the Flow Properties of a 0.54% Carbon Steel during Continuous Cooling

Abstract

The determinination of material properties is an essential step in the simulation of manufacturing processes. For hot deformation processes, consistently assessed Carreau fluid constitutive model derived in prior works by Schmicker et al. might be used, in which the flow stress is described as a function of the current temperature and the current strain rate. The following paper aims to extend the prior mentioned model by making a distinction, whether the material is being heated or cooled, enhancing the model capabilities to predict deformations within the cooling process. The experimental identifaction of the material parameters is demonstrated for a structural carbon steel with 0.54% carbon content. An approach to derive the flow properties during cooling from the same samples used at heating is presented, which massively reduces the experimental effort in future applications.

Fatigue Strength Assessment of Friction Welds under Consideration of Residual Stress

“…The minimum element size is set to 0.3 mm within the weld interface and increased to 6.0 mm in the clamped region. Regarding the material model, the flow properties are derived from hot tensile tests on a different S355 structural steel carried out in previous studies [23][24][25]. Material strength parameters are available for a higher-strength batch of S355 [23] only.…”