Identification of the human papilloma virus-1a E4 gene products.

Doorbar, John; Campbell, Douglas L.; Grand, Roger J. A.; Gallimore, Phillip H.

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04219.x

Cited by 162 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The E l -E 4 protein is a major protein in HPV-1 warts, where it may contribute up to 30% of the total protein content (Doorbar et al, 1986). As discussed above, the 1.1 kb transcript detected in the 27-7 transgenic mice appears to correspond to the viral 1.1 kb transcript which encodes the E l -E 4 protein.…”

Section: El-e4 Protein Expressionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Abnormalities of epidermal differentiation associated with expression of the human papillomavirus type 1 early region in transgenic mice

Tinsley

Fisher²,

Searle³

1992

Journal of General Virology

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Section: El-e4 Protein Expressionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Abnormalities of epidermal differentiation associated with expression of the human papillomavirus type 1 early region in transgenic mice

Tinsley

Fisher²,

Searle³

1992

Journal of General Virology

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“…The heterogeneity of HPV38 affected the E4 protein in particular, which is known to be expressed in very large amounts by some cutaneous HPV types. 40 The E4 protein is also thought to be a major target of CD41 responses to HPV. 41 The fact that the amino acid substitutions in the L1 protein were clustered in the surface-exposed loops of HPV38b[FA125] are also suggestive of a possible immunological significance of the subtype heterogeneity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtype HPV38b[FA125] demonstrates heterogeneity of human papillomavirus type 38

Hazard

Eliasson

Dillner

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The human papillomaviruses (HPVs) exist as more than 100 distinct types. While variants of HPV are common, only few HPV subtypes have been reported. HPV type 38 has been proposed to be associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), with reported prevalences of up to 55%. A subtype of HPV38 was cloned, completely sequenced and found to have a 96% sequence similarity to prototype HPV38 in the L1 open reading frame. The presence of prototype HPV38 and HPV38b[FA125] was examined in paired biopsies of tape-stripped skin lesions and healthy skin from 269 immunocompetent patients by real-time PCR. Prototype HPV38 and HPV38b[FA125] were present in seven (3%) and five (2%) lesions, respectively, in viral loads ranging from one copy per 150 cells to one copy per 70,000 cells. In summary, we found that HPV38 is heterogeneous and is one of so far only few HPVs that contain subtypes. The heterogeneity needs to be considered in studies of the biology of this virus. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: HPV; subtype; nonmelanoma skin cancer; multiplyprimed rolling circle amplification Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are the most prevalent malignancies in the Caucasian population 1 and an increase in prevalence has been seen in European countries during the last few years. 2 NMSC comprises basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). BCC has a relatively good prognosis, while SCC accounts for up to 20% of all deaths from skin cancer. 3 NMSC are often found on sun-exposed sites in patients with the rare inherited genetic disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). 4 These patients are highly susceptible to human papillomavirus (HPV) infections 5,6 mainly by the Beta-papillomaviruses, a phylogenetic subgroup of cutaneous HPVs (e.g., HPV5 and HPV8). 7 These HPV types are detectable in skin carcinomas, as well as in control specimens of healthy skin from the general population. [8][9][10][11][12] There are more than 100 different HPV types that have been completely sequenced. 7 In addition, there appears to exist about 100 additional putative HPV types, with sequence information so far available only from PCR amplimers. 8,[13][14][15][16] Variants of HPV types contain more than 98% sequence homology in the L1 open reading frame (ORF). 7 Variants is a common finding that appears to associate with ethnic groups and sometimes even with biologic behavior of the virus. 17,18 By contrast, subtypes containing 90-98% sequence homology in the L1 region are very rare, with HPV 68a/HPV68b, HPV46, HPV55 and HPV64 (now known to be subtypes, originally thought to be different viruses) being the only fully characterized examples. 7,17 Although the reasons for this are not known, existence of subtypes has profound implications for design of virus detection systems and for understanding of the biology of the viruses.Epidemiological studies have established a causal association between UV-radiation and NMSC, 3 but the role of HPV in these cancers remains to be elucidated.A recent study 19 has demonstrated that the early proteins E...

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“…Interestingly, a similar RNA of 0.9 kb transcribed from the same region of the genome is found in productive CRPV papillomas only (Nasseri & Wettstein, 1984), suggesting that transcription of these RNAs is keratinocyte-specific. It is possible that the 1.0 kb RNA of BPV-4 encodes a product necessary for the expression of papilloma-specific viral functions, similar to the E4 product recently described in HPV-l-induced warts (Doorbar et al, 1986).…”

Section: ' Ends Of the Viral Rnamentioning

confidence: 88%

Transcriptional Organization of Bovine Papillomavirus Type 4

Smith

Patel

Campo

1986

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYSeven virus-specific RNA transcripts have been identified in tumours induced by bovine papillomavirus type 4 (BPV-4). The RNAs measured 4.2, 3.6, 3.0, 2.8, 1.9, 1.6 and 1.0 kilobases (kb). They were mapped on the viral genome by Northern blot hybridization to subgenomic probes, by cDNA hybridization to viral DNA fragments and by SI analysis of unlabelled and 3' and 5' end-labelled DNA fragments. All the RNA species are transcribed from the same DNA strand, are polyadenylated and with the exception of the 1.0 kb RNA internally spliced. The 3.0, 1.9, 1.6 and 1.0 kb RNAs share the same 3' polyadenylation site at nucleotide 4009 whereas the 4.2 kb RNA and the 2.8 kb RNA terminate near a polyadenylation site at nucleotide 7187. The 4.2 kb and the 2.8 kb RNAs are transcribed from the late open reading frames and encode the structural polypeptides; the 3.0, 1.9, 1.6 and 1.0 kb RNAs are transcribed from the early open reading frames and are the transcripts involved in viral replication and cellular transformation.

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Identification of the human papilloma virus-1a E4 gene products.

Cited by 162 publications

References 37 publications

Abnormalities of epidermal differentiation associated with expression of the human papillomavirus type 1 early region in transgenic mice

Abnormalities of epidermal differentiation associated with expression of the human papillomavirus type 1 early region in transgenic mice

Subtype HPV38b[FA125] demonstrates heterogeneity of human papillomavirus type 38

Transcriptional Organization of Bovine Papillomavirus Type 4

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