Identification of the initial metabolites of acetochlor in corn and soybean seedlings

Breaux, E. J.

doi:10.1021/jf00071a030

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The mechanism by which herbicide antidotes confer protection has not been clearly defined, but there is increasing evidence that they act by enhancing herbicide detoxification in the treated plant (9,11,12,15,19,30). In both corn (1,25) and sorghum (9,30), chloroacetanilide herbicides are detoxified by conjugation with the tripeptide GSH. GSTs4 are dimeric, multifunctional proteins found as isozymes in mammals (21), insects (3), and plants (6,24). A major function of these enzymes is to detoxify a wide variety of hydrophobic, electrophilic compounds by catalyzing their conjugation with GSH (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Glutathione S-Transferase Isozymes in Sorghum by Herbicide Antidotes

Dean

Gronwald²,

Eberlein³

1990

Plant Physiol.

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Certain chemicals referred to as herbicide antidotes protect sorghum from injury by chloroacetanilide herbicides such as metolachlor. The effect of herbicide antidotes on the glutathione S-transferase isozyme complement of etiolated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) shoots was examined. Elution profiles of glutathione S-transferase isozymes from untreated and antidote-treated seedlings were generated by fast protein liquid chromatography utilizing an anion exchange (Mono Q) column. In untreated seedlings, there were two glutathione Stransferase isozymes, a major isozyme which exhibited activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and a minor isozyme which exhibited activity toward metolachlor. Treating sorghum seedlings with various antidotes (flurazole, oxabetrinil, CGA-133205, naphthalic anhydride, dichlormid) resulted in the appearance of four to five additional glutathione S-transferase isozymes (depending on the particular antidote) which exhibited activity toward metolachlor as a substrate and little or no activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Treating etiolated sorghum shoots with metolachlor was also found to induce at least four isozymes which exhibited activity toward the herbicide. An increase in glutathione S-transferase activity, measured with metolachlor as substrate, was detected within 4 h after treatment with 30 micromolar oxabetrinil, but 36 hours were required for maximum expression of activity. Addition of either the transcription inhibitor cordycepin or the translation inhibitor cycloheximide inhibited the appearance of glutathione S-transferase activity measured with metolachlor as substrate. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that antidotes confer protection against metolachlor injury in sorghum by inducing the de novo synthesis of glutathione Stransferase isozymes which catalyze the detoxification of the herbicide.Herbicide antidotes are chemical compounds used to protect certain grasses, in particular corn and sorghum, from injury by selected herbicides (4,14). Antidotes that provide varying degrees of protection to sorghum against injury by chloroacetanilide herbicides such as metolachlor or alachlor 'Cooperative investigation of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and the U.S.

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confidence: 99%

Induction of Glutathione S-Transferase Isozymes in Sorghum by Herbicide Antidotes

Dean

Gronwald²,

Eberlein³

1990

Plant Physiol.

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“…1 (Breaux, 1986;Breaux, 1987). Esta conjugação pode ocorrer via glutathione S-trans- ferase ou sem a participação desta enzima (Carringer et al, 1978;Gronwald et al, 1987).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Tolerância de leguminosas de cobertura do solo a Herbicidas

Silva¹,

Bueno

2002

Acta Amaz.

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RESUMO -São poucas as pesquisas de tolerância de leguminosas de cobertura do solo a herbicidas visando selecionar produtos que sejam seletivos a estas plantas e que apresentem controle satisfatório das plantas daninhas. Com o objetivo avaliar a tolerância de quatro leguminosas a herbicidas, instalou-se um experimento em condições de casa-de-vegetação. As leguminosas sementes das leguminosas Pueraria phaseoloides, Desmodium ovalifolium, Mucuna aterrima e Mucuna cochinchinensis. Os herbicidas aplicados foram 2,4-DB, em pós-emergência, e alachlor, imazaquin e pendimethalin em pré-emergência. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial de 4x4x5x4 com quatro espécies de leguminosas, quatro herbicidas e cinco doses de cada herbicida, respectivamente, repetidos quatro vezes. Aos trinta e seis dias após o plantio a Pueraria phaseoloides mostrou-se tolerante aos herbicidas alachlor e imazaquin e suscetível ao 2,4-DB e pendimethalin. O Desmodium ovalifolium foi suscetível aos herbicidas nas doses usadas, exceto o alachlor. A Mucuna aterrima apresentou tolerância ao alachlor, imazaquin e pendimethalin e foi suscetível ao 2,4-DB. Os herbicidas alachlor e imazaquin não foram fítotóxicos à Mucuna cochinchinensis, enquanto 2,4-DB e pendimethalin causaram severas injúrias.Palavras-chave: Desmodium, Mucuna, Pueraria, Amazônia, seletividade Tolerance of Soil Cover Legumes to Herbicides.ABSTRACT-There is little research regarding to tolerance of soil cover legumes to herbicides. Products that are selective to these plants and show satisfactory control of harmful plants are still scarce. This paper has the objective to evaluate the tolerance to herbicide of four legume plants. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse. The four legumes were sowed in a 2 kg plastic bag. The substratum was homogenized with two seeds of Pueraria phaseoloides, Desmodium ovalifolium, Mucuna aterrima and Mucuna cochinchinensis. The herbicides applied were 2,4-DB, in post-emergence and alachlor, imazaquin and pendimethalin in pre-emergence. The statistical experimental method used was completely randomized in a factorial experiment (4x4x5x4) with four legume species, four herbicides and five doses of each herbicide with four replications. Thirty six days after sowing, P. phaseoloides showed tolerance to the herbicides alachlor and imazaquin and susceptibility to 2,4-DB and pendimethalin. D. ovalifolium was susceptible to herbicides except the alachlor. M. aterrima showed tolerance to alachlor, imazaquin and pendimethalin and was susceptible to 2,4-DB. The herbicides alachlor and imazaquin were not phytotoxic to M. cochinchinensis. However, severe injury was observed with the use of 2,4-DB and pendimethalin.

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“…Conjugation with glutathione is characteristic of chloroacetamide herbicides (Le Baron et al, 1988). For example, acetochlor forms conjugates with glutathione in seedlings of maize, morning-glory (Ipomoea purpurea), "eld bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) (Breaux 1987). Applied to coleoptiles of maize seedlings, alachlor and metolachlor formed glutathione conjugates.…”

Section: Conjugation Of Xenobiotics With Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Homoglutathionic conjugate, as the main product of chlorimuron-ethyl transformation, is formed in soybean plants (Brown and Neighborns 1987;Brown et al, 1990). Homoglutathionic conjugates of acetochlor are formed by other plants, in particular by soybean, mung bean, and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (Breaux, 1987).…”

Section: Conjugation Of Xenobiotics With Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%