Identification of the intestinal microbes associated with muscle strength

Abstract

Background Considering the effect of the gut microbiome on human physiology and aging, the gut microbiome may affect muscle strength in the same way as the host's own genes. Previous research has shown that the gut microbiome can have both positive and negative effects on muscle strength, suggesting the presence of two different types of gut microbiome. In this study, we demonstrate that the gut microbiome can contribute differently to muscle strength. Results We remodelled the original gut microbiome of mice through fecal microbiome transplant (FMT) using human feces, and compared the changes in muscle strength of the same mice before and three months after FMT. We found that FMT affected muscle strength in three different ways: positive, none, and negative. Analysis of the phylogenesis, α-diversities, and β-diversities on the gut microbiome in the three groups showed that a more diverse group of intestinal microbes was established after FMT in each of the three groups, indicating that the human gut microbiome is more diverse than that of mice. The remodelled gut microbiome by FMT in each group was also different from each other. Fold change and linear correlation analyses identified Phocaeicola barnesiae, Eisenbergiella massiliensis, and Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum in the gut microbiome as positive contributors to muscle strength, while Ileibacterium valens and Ethanoligenens harbinense were found to have negative effects. Conclusions This study not only confirms the presence of gut microbiomes that contribute differently to muscle strength, but also explains the mixed results in previous research on the association between the gut microbiome and muscle strength.

Identification of Muscle Strength-Related Gut Microbes through Human Fecal Microbiome Transplantation

“…Fold-change comparison showed that Eisenbergiella massiliensis and Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum from the gut microbiome had positive contributions to muscle strength, while Ileibacterium valens and Ethanoligenens harbinense had negative effects. Therefore, this study successfully demonstrated that in vivo subset analysis of the human gut microbiome using animal models is a useful approach for studying complex and heterogeneous populations comprised of trillions of microorganisms, and we believe that this concept can be applied to identify gut microbiome associated with other human phenotypes or diseases [ 48 ].…”

Discovery of intestinal microorganisms that affect the improvement of muscle strength

“…(Alpha Biochemicals Co, Jeonju, Republic of Korea)) to create a composite fecal mixture containing a variety of human gut microbes. The human fecal mixture was orally administered to the mice at a volume of 20 µL, using the gavage method 39 , twice a day for 2 days. Prior to the administration of the human fecal mixture and three months after, all mice were weighed, and feces and blood samples were individually collected.…”

“…The serum levels of TCHO, TG, and HDL-C and blood glucose level were determined using commercial assay kits (Asan Pharmaceutical, Seoul, South Korea) following the manufacturer's instructions, as previously described. 41,42 DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing…”

Identification of the Intestinal Microbes Associated with Locomotion

“…The medium was then autoclaved for 22 min at 121 • C, cooled to below 40 • C, and supplemented with 2 mL of filter sterilized (0.22 µm) vitamin solution (prepared through mixing 0.02 g of biotin, 0.02 g of cyanocobalamin, 0.03 g of P-amino benzoic acid, 0.05 g of folic acid, 0.15 g of pyridoxine HCl, 0.05 g of thiamine HCl, 0.05 g of riboflavin, 0.05 of L-ascorbic acid, 0.02 g of coenzyme q 10, 0.2 g of L-glutamine, 0.03 g of dimethylglycine, 0.03 g of inositol, 0.03 g of niacin, 0.03 g of L-carnitine, 0.03 g of methylsulfonylmethane, and 100 µL of vitamin K1 in 1 L of dd H 2 O) and 50 mL of pig blood. The medium was deoxygenated and stored in an anaerobic container before use [53].…”