Identification of the Kupffer cell-derived circulating IGFBP-3 as a universal radiation biomarker for heavy ion, proton, and X-ray exposure

Radiation Biodosimetry: Current Status and Future Initiatives

“…Until now, most studies were conducted using acute doses of low LET radiation involving γ-rays and X-rays, but the dose rate effect has not been vigorously investigated [Swartz et al, 2010]. Although a few studies are available [Blumenthal et al, 2014;Laiakis et al, 2019;Mukherjee et al, 2019;Bai et al, 2023;Royba et al, 2023], the existing dose assessment tools need to be vigorously tested for various exposure scenarios: internal exposures through ingestion/inhalation of radionuclides, combination of external and internal exposures, cumulative fractionated exposures and exposures of mixed radiation fields. Also, discovery of suitable biomarkers for identifying total and partial body irradiation exposures is a top priority for determining the course of medical management for moderately and severely exposed populations.…”