Identification of the Larval Instars of Heterocampa guttivitta with Notes on Their Feeding Behavior1

Allen, Douglas C.; Grimble, David G.

doi:10.1093/jee/63.4.1201

Cited by 3 publications

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“…5). These increases were coincident with a major irruption of Het-., Jlln"' n ~JlaMLJl erocampa guttivitta, the saddled prominent (Notodontidae: Lepidoptera), and associated species (see Patch 1908, Allen andGrimble 1970). This outbreak started as early as the summer of 1968 (R. T. Holmes, personal observation), reached a peak in 1970, and then declined sharply by 1971 ( Fig.…”

Section: Fluctuations In Bird Populations In Relation To Environmentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Bird Community Dynamics in a Temperate Deciduous Forest: Long‐Term Trends at Hubbard Brook

Holmes¹,

Sherry²,

Sturges³

1986

Ecological Monographs

248

155

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Changes in species composition and abundance of birds breeding in an unfragmented temperate deciduous forest in New Hampshire, USA, were studied intensively during 16 consecutive breeding seasons, 1969-1984. The number of species breeding in the 10-ha study area in any one year varied from 17 to 28, and averaged 24. Total numbers of individuals breeding on the 1 0-ha plot ranged from 214 to 89, with many species (70%) declining during the 16-yr period. Overall, there was significant positive covariation among population trends of all species, suggesting a major, perhaps single, factor affecting population levels, such as weather or food supply. No two species, however, had identical patterns of change across all 16 yr. Thus, populations in this forest fluctuated largely independently of one another, suggesting a different combination of regulatory factors for each species. The major factors pulsing or stressing bird populations in this forest included: (1) changes in food abundance due largely to irruptions of defoliating Lepidoptera (most bird species, but especially vireos and warblers), (2) harsh late spring and summer weather (Scarlet Tanager, American Redstart), (3) changes in habitat structure related to forest succession (Least Flycatcher, Philadelphia Vireo), (4) interspecific interactions, particularly interference competition (Least Flycatcher-American Redstart, Red-eyed Vireo-Philadelphia Vireo), and (5) mortality during winter for both resident and migrant populations (Hermit Thrush, Dark-eyed Junco, permanent resident species such as woodpeckers and nuthatches.Some, but not all, irruptions of defoliating Lepidoptera significantly influenced many bird populations in this forest and contributed to the observed positive covariation in abundances. These irruptions produced pulses offood for breeding birds, but occurred at long and variable time intervals. Between outbreaks, food may regularly limit reproductive output of these forest birds, and low food abundance, along with the effects of predators, weather, and other mortality factors, contributes to high variability in bird reproductive success, which ultimately influences population size. Competition may also beome important during these periods of food scarcity. We therefore propose that birds in these temperate deciduous forests experience periods of prolonged food limitation, interrupted by relatively brief periods of superabundant food, a pattern contrasting with that described for other temperate systems (e.g., by Wiens 1977).From this examination of bird community dynamics on one site over many years, it is apparent that each species responds to its environment in a unique way, as determined by a variety of influences on its populations. Some of these operate on a local scale (e.g., vegetation structure, food abundance, interspecific competitors), while others function at regional (e.g., some weather effects) and global (e.g., winter events) geographic scales. These influences also differ as to their temporal persistence and predictability, and...

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Section: Fluctuations In Bird Populations In Relation To Environmentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Bird Community Dynamics in a Temperate Deciduous Forest: Long‐Term Trends at Hubbard Brook

Holmes¹,

Sherry²,

Sturges³

1986

Ecological Monographs

248

155

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“…Larval development usually extends through mid-August (Allen 1972). Due to the extended period of adult emergence and oviposition, several life stages may be present at one time (Allen and Grimble 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF TELENOMUS COELODASIDIS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE SADDLED PROMINENT, HETEROCAMPA GUTTIVITTA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE)

Ticehurst

Allen

1973

Can Entomol

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A biological study of Telenomus coelodasidis Ashm. revealed a close temporal synchronization between this egg parasitoid and its primary host, Heterocampa guttivitta (Wlkr.). The wasp reproduced parthenogenetically in the laboratory and completed development in unfertilized host eggs. Wasp activity was greatest at relatively low temperatures, and longevity was significantly greater when individuals were provided with food. The second and third stage larvae and the pupa are described, as well as the sequence of visible changes occurring in parasitized host eggs. The egg stage of H. guttivitia should be sampled about 5–7 days after peak oviposition by the host, and eggs held for 4–6 days to obtain an accurate estimate of apparent mortality.

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“…Several life stages are present in the forest at any one time, due to the extended period of adult emergence and oviposition (Allen and Grimble 1970). Adult emergence extends from late May to early July.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larval development is usually completed by mid-August. Several life stages are present in the forest at any one time, due to the extended period of adult emergence and oviposition (Allen and Grimble 1970). Methods Eggs, larvae (instars 1-111; IV-V), and pupae of H. guttivitta were collected in six northeastern states during the period 1968-1971 ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

INSECT PARASITES OF THE SADDLED PROMINENT, HETEROCAMPA GUTTIVITTA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE), IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

Allen

1972

Can Entomol

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Can. Ent. 104: 1609Ent. 104: -1622Ent. 104: (1972 Samples of the egg, larval, and pupal stages of the saddled prominent, Heterocampa guttivitta (Walker), were obtained from infestations of this defoliator in six northeastern states. Seventeen species of primary parasites were recovered, 11 are new records for this host. A key to adult parasites is presented.Apparent parasitism of the egg stage by Telenomus coelodasidis Ashm. and Trichogramma minuturn Riley varied from 30 to 76% and 1 to 20% respectively. Aggregate apparent mortality ranged from 40 to 78%. As a rule, egg parasitism was highest in the upper crown of both sugar maple and beech. The developmental stages of parasitized eggs are described and illustrated.Two species of larval parasites were recovered: Phobocampe pallida (Cush.) from instar I11 and Eulophus anomocerus (Crawford) from instar V. Parasitism by each species was always less than 1%.Cratichneumon sublatus (Cress.) was the only pupal parasite found in all of the infestations examined. Parasitism ranged from 1 to 17% under outbreak conditions to as much as 32-57% the year following a collapse of the host population. A new species of Patelloa (Tachinidae) was recovered from pupae in Maine and New York. Parasitism by the latter ranged from 3 to 7%. Ten species of Ichneumonidae and one species of Sarcophagidae were also recovered from the pupae. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1972 FIG. 1. Saddled prominent populations sampled in this study.

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Identification of the Larval Instars of Heterocampa guttivitta with Notes on Their Feeding Behavior1

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Bird Community Dynamics in a Temperate Deciduous Forest: Long‐Term Trends at Hubbard Brook

Bird Community Dynamics in a Temperate Deciduous Forest: Long‐Term Trends at Hubbard Brook

NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF TELENOMUS COELODASIDIS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE SADDLED PROMINENT, HETEROCAMPA GUTTIVITTA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE)

INSECT PARASITES OF THE SADDLED PROMINENT, HETEROCAMPA GUTTIVITTA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE), IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

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