Identification of the main active ingredients of agrochemicals used around the Lake of Tota, Colombia

Abstract

<p>This paper presents a descriptive study aimed at identifying the main active ingredients, frequency of use, and the processes employed in the application of the agrochemicals most used around the Lake of Tota, which is considered the most important freshwater ecosystem in Colombia. A key source for this study is a survey to farmers, which sampling frame was established from a Geographical Institute Agustin Codazzi (IGAC) digital map, considering only the plots with some agricultural activity and runoff into the lake. This information was supplemented with geographic data obtained from Google Maps®. As control mechanism, two additional sources were used: i) a manual count of packaging of agrochemicals in a certified collection center, and ii) a census of stores that supply such products in the study area. The results allow knowing the set of agrochemicals most used around the lake, their active ingredients, and the most common farming practices, some of which could entail some risk to farmers, consumers and the environment.</p>

Estimating pesticide environmental concentrations in Latin America: The importance of developing local scenarios

“…In Chile, data generation has been infrequent: Palma et al (2004) analyzed several pesticide residues in surface water, while it was not until 2017 that similar work was done for organochloride pesticides (Montory et al 2017). As for other countries, such as Colombia (Marrugo‐Negrete et al 2014; Pérez‐Holguín et al 2016; Lans‐Ceballos et al 2018), Ecuador (Decknock et al 2019), and Mexico (Hernández‐António and Hansen 2011; Leyva‐Morales et al 2017), the scenario is similar, where residues in water bodies are monitored in a very limited part of each country's most relevant agricultural areas, indicating further efforts are necessary to understand environmental exposure of pesticides.…”

Estimación de los desperdicios generados por la producción de trucha arcoíris en el lago de Tota, Colombia

“…En la cuenca y dentro del lago de Tota se desarrollan diferentes actividades socioeconómicas intensivas: cultivo de cebolla larga, acuicultura, turismo y ganadería. Cada una de estas actividades tiene un efecto sobre la cuenca y genera un grado de incertidumbre sobre las posibles consecuencias que puedan afectar al lago (Pérez-Holguín et al 2016). …”

Buenas prácticas agrícolas y sostenibilidad del cultivo de cebolla de rama (Allium fistulosum L.) en la cuenca del lago de Tota (Boyacá, Colombia)

“…Los suelos han perdido la capacidad de retención hídrica y se han visto erosionados por labranzas intensivas (Caro-Camarg o y Velandia-Tarazona, 2019). Paralelamente se reporta contaminación de fuentes hídricas, debido al uso intensivo de gallinaza-pollinaza y de plaguicidas de síntesis química, ya que se emplean hasta 183 ag roquímicos (Ricaurte, 2005;Pérez-Holguín, Grandas-Rincón, Ramírez-Acevedo y Torres-Barrera, 2016;Aldana, De Prado y Martínez, 2011;Mojica y Guerrero, 2013).Algunos han sido encontrados en aguas superficiales y sedimentos en niveles muy altos, evidenciando así el riesg o potencial de movilidad de plaguicidas. Adicionalmente se destacan conflictos socioambientales por el uso, distribución y valoración del recurso hídrico (Rodríguez-Robayo, Her rera-Heredia y Mar tínez-Camelo, 2021).…”