Identification of the major yeasts isolated from high moisture corn and corn silages in the United States using genetic and biochemical methods

Santos, Mateus Castilho; Golt, C.; Joerger, Rolf D.; Mechor, G.D.; Mourão, Gérson Barreto; Kung, L.

doi:10.3168/jds.2016-11450

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Considering the fact that cattle and other animals have been continuously exposed to different environmental Saccharomyces over millions of years, and the generalized belief that the presence of Saccharomyces in the gut only reflects dietary contamination (see above), an explanation of why Saccharomyces never became indigenous is necessary. The load of Saccharomyces and other microorganisms in animal feed is a very interesting topic but unfortunately has not been well studied (Santos et al, 2017). We hypothesize that the Saccharomyces present in the feed may have never become adapted to the gut because every time the animal feeds, it feeds with different types of Saccharomyces; therefore by the time one strain attempts to colonize, it gets removed (out-competed) by other strains.…”

Section: In Vivo Mode Of Action Of Saccharomyces In Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Are there indigenous Saccharomyces in the digestive tract of livestock animal species? Implications for health, nutrition and productivity traits

García-Mazcorro

Ishaq

Rodriguez‐Herrera³

et al. 2020

Animal

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All livestock animal species harbour complex microbial communities throughout their digestive tract that support vital biochemical processes, thus sustaining health and productivity. In part as a consequence of the strong and ancient alliance between the host and its associated microbes, the gut microbiota is also closely related to productivity traits such as feed efficiency. This phenomenon can help researchers and producers develop new and more effective microbiome-based interventions using probiotics, also known as direct-fed microbials (DFMs), in Animal Science. Here, we focus on one type of such beneficial microorganisms, the yeast Saccharomyces. Saccharomyces is one of the most widely used microorganisms as a DFM in livestock operations. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with different species, strains and doses of Saccharomyces (mostly Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on gut microbial ecology, health, nutrition and productivity traits of several livestock species. However, the possible existence of Saccharomyces which are indigenous to the animals’ digestive tract has received little attention and has never been the subject of a review. We for the first time provide a comprehensive review, with the objective of shedding light into the possible existence of indigenous Saccharomyces of the digestive tract of livestock. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a nomadic yeast able to survive in a broad range of environments including soil, grass and silages. Therefore, it is very likely that cattle and other animals have been in direct contact with this and other types of Saccharomyces throughout their entire existence. However, to date, the majority of animal scientists seem to agree that the presence of Saccharomyces in any section of the gut only reflects dietary contamination; in other words, these are foreign organisms that are only transiently present in the gut. Importantly, this belief (i.e. that Saccharomyces come solely from the diet) is often not well grounded and does not necessarily hold for all the many other groups of microbes in the gut. In addition to summarizing the current body of literature involving Saccharomyces in the digestive tract, we discuss whether the beneficial effects associated with the consumption of Saccharomyces may be related to its foreign origin, though this concept may not necessarily satisfy the theories that have been proposed to explain probiotic efficacy in vivo. This novel review may prove useful for biomedical scientists and others wishing to improve health and productivity using Saccharomyces and other beneficial microorganisms.

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Section: In Vivo Mode Of Action Of Saccharomyces In Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Are there indigenous Saccharomyces in the digestive tract of livestock animal species? Implications for health, nutrition and productivity traits

García-Mazcorro

Ishaq

Rodriguez‐Herrera³

et al. 2020

Animal

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“…Kazachstania was the dominant yeast genus after four (7.0 to 16.6%) and eight (9.4 to 20.7%) days of fermentation, but subsequently decreased in abundance in all but the Control samples. Santos et al [48] studied the diversity of yeast populations in corn and high moisture corn silages. They reported that isolates obtained on malt agar plates showed that Candida, Saccharomyces, Pichia, and Kazachstania were the dominant genera.…”

Section: Fungal Succession During the Course Of The Incubation Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Succession of Microbiota during Ensiling of Whole Plant Corn Following Inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus hilgardii Alone or in Combination

Drouin¹,

Tremblay

Chaucheyras‐Durand

2019

Microorganisms

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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used as silage additives have been shown to improve several fermentation parameters, including aerobic stability. Inoculation with a combination of Lactobacillus buchneri NCIMB40788 and Lactobacillus hilgardii CNCM-I-4785, contributes to an increase in aerobic stability, compared to each strain inoculated independently. To understand the mode of action of the combination on the LAB community, a fermentation-kinetic study was performed on corn. Four treatments, Control, Lb. buchneri, Lb. hilgardii, and a combination of the two strains, were fermented 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 days. Corn silage inoculated by both strains had a lactate:acetate ratio of 0.59 after 64 days and a higher concentration of lactate than Lb. buchneri. Analysis of the microbiota by 16S and ITS amplicon metasequencing demonstrated that inoculation led to lower bacterial diversity after 1 day, from 129.4 down to 40.7 observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Leuconostocaceae represented the dominant population by day 1, with 48.1%. Lactobacillaceae dominated the succession by day 4, with 21.9%. After 32 days, inoculation by both strains had the lowest bacterial alpha diversity level, with 29.0 observed OTUs, compared to 61.3 for the Control. These results confirm the increased fermentation efficiency when the two Lactobacillus strains are co-inoculated, which also led to a specific yeast OTUs diversity profile, with Hannaella as the main OTU.

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“…Sample #5 was identified as Candida guilliermondii by sequencing and sample #11 could not be identified at all. A recent study (Santos et al., ) compared DNA analysis, one automated method (API ® /ID32), and fatty acid methyl esters profile as methods for yeast identification. Despite the differences between the studies design, the authors also reported low agreement among methods, when investigating samples recovered from environmental sources.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating cross‐contamination by yeast strains from dental solid waste to waste‐handling workers by DNA sequencing

et al. 2017

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Trying to widen the discussion on the risks associated with dental waste, this study proposed to investigate and genetically compare yeast isolates recovered from dental solid waste and waste workers. Three samples were collected from workers' hands, nasal mucosa, and professional clothing (days 0, 30, and 180), and two from dental waste (days 0 and 180). Slide culture, microscopy, antifungal drug susceptibility, intersimple sequence repeat analysis, and amplification and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer regions were performed. Yeast strains were recovered from all waste workers' sites, including professional clothes, and from waste. Antifungal susceptibility testing demonstrated that some yeast recovered from employees and waste exhibited nonsusceptible profiles. The dendrogram demonstrated the presence of three major clusters based on similarity matrix and UPGMA grouping method. Two branches displayed 100% similarity: three strains of Candida guilliermondii isolated from different employees, working in opposite work shifts, and from diverse sites grouped in one part of branch 1 and cluster 3 that included two samples of Candida albicans recovered from waste and the hand of one waste worker. The results suggested the possibility of cross‐contamination from dental waste to waste workers and reinforce the need of training programs focused on better waste management routines.

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Identification of the major yeasts isolated from high moisture corn and corn silages in the United States using genetic and biochemical methods

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

Review: Are there indigenous Saccharomyces in the digestive tract of livestock animal species? Implications for health, nutrition and productivity traits

Review: Are there indigenous Saccharomyces in the digestive tract of livestock animal species? Implications for health, nutrition and productivity traits

Dynamic Succession of Microbiota during Ensiling of Whole Plant Corn Following Inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus hilgardii Alone or in Combination

Investigating cross‐contamination by yeast strains from dental solid waste to waste‐handling workers by DNA sequencing

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