Identification of the promising Persian walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) genotypes among seedling‐originated trees

Mirmahdi, Narjes‐Sadat; Khadivi, Ali

doi:10.1002/fsn3.2193

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For example, if we consider air as part of the total walnut volume, then the relative volume of packing tissue is positively correlated to shell strength and ease of kernel removal. This agrees with reports that walnuts with thick packing tissue tend to be difficult to open (Kouhi et al, 2020; Mirmahdi and Khadivi, 2021; Sarikhani Khorami et al, 2014). These correlations vanish if we disregard air as part of the total walnut volume.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The shape and volume of air, kernels and cracks, in a nutshell

Amézquita,

Quigley,

Brown

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Walnuts are the second most produced and consumed tree nut, with over 2.6 million metric tons produced in the 2022-23 harvest cycle alone. The United States is the second largest producer, accounting for 25% of the total global supply. Nonetheless, producers face an ever-growing demand in a more uncertain climate landscape, which requires effective and efficient walnut selection and breeding of new cultivars with increased kernel content and easy-to-open shells. Past and current efforts select for these traits using hand-held calipers and eye-based evaluations. Yet there is plenty of morphology that meets the eye but goes unmeasured, such as the volume of inner air or the convexity of the kernel. Here, we study the shape of walnut fruits based on X-ray CT (Computed Tomography) 3D reconstructions. We compute 49 different morphological phenotypes for 1264 individuals comprising 149 accessions. These phenotypes are complemented by traits of breeding interest such as ease of kernel removal and kernel weight. Through allometric relationships —relative growth of one tissue to another—, we identify possible biophysical constraints at play during development. We explore multiple correlations between all morphological and commercial traits, and identify which morphological traits can explain the most variability of commercial traits. We show that using only volume and thickness-based traits, especially inner air content, we can successfully encode several of the commercial traits.Core IdeasX-ray Computed Tomography (CT) imaging is used to compute a broad array of morpho-logical phenotypes in walnuts.These morphological traits suggest biophysical constraints at play during walnut development.Relative inner air, shell, and packing tissue volumes are significantly correlated to the rest of shape phenotypes.These volumes produce the best prediction models for traits of commercial interest such as shell strength.Inexpensive phenotyping platforms that focus solely on volume measurement would enable better walnut breeding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The shape and volume of air, kernels and cracks, in a nutshell

Amézquita,

Quigley,

Brown

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…They were recorded as spreading round in 5(16.67%) trees, semi-erect in 25 (69.44%) trees and erect tree shape in 6(13.89%) trees. A study reported the highest number of trees (196) with semi-erect shape followed by 111 trees with erect shape and 55 trees with spreading shape (Mirmahdi and Khadivi, 2021). The results of present study were nearly in agreement with the results of their study.…”

Section: Kernel Ground Colorsupporting

confidence: 91%

Characterization and selection of thin-shelled walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes of Mustang, Nepal

Khanal

Timilsina

Poon

et al. 2023

Arch. Agric. Environ. Sci.

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Walnut (Juglans regia L.) of seedling origin creates large variability within this crop. A research study was carried out at Directorate of Agricultural Research, Lumle, Kaski and Marpha, Mustang to characterize and deciphers the variability of thin-shelled walnut for further selection, conservation and variety registration. Walnut orchard of Mustang district was surveyed in March, 2018 and 50 walnut trees were labeled according to its flowering and flushing time. 36 accessions of thin-shelled walnut were characterized on 17 different parameters regarding growth habit, bearing habit, fruit and kernel characteristics. Around 88.89% trees exhibited terminal fruiting habit and remaining showed lateral fruiting habit. Three type of tree shape was noticed as spreading round, semi-erect and erect. Huge variation in nut shape was observed having 50% trees were with circular nuts. Four types of shell strength was recorded; 11.11% accessions having papery shell, 27.78% having weak shell, 47.22% having intermediate shell and 13.88 having strong shell strength. Average nut yield of trees ranged from 15-75 kg with an average of 26.67 kg. Nut weighted from 5.96-18.99 g with an average of 11.14 g. Kernel weight ranged from 2.8-8.92 g. More than 50% shelling was recorded in 13 accessions. The kernel quality of 14 accessions (out of 36) showed 5 rank (Excellent quality); and remaining 22 accessions showed 4 rank (Good quality). Based on this characterization, 13 accessions were selected and recommended for further multiplication and variety registration.

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“…Morphological and agronomic characters have been widely used for descriptive purposes (Khadivi & Arab, 2021;Mirmahdi & Khadivi, 2021) and are commonly used to distinguish olive cultivars (Arias-Calderon et al, 2014;Barranco et al, 2000;Rotondi et al, 2003Rotondi et al, , 2011Trentacoste & Puertas, 2011). Biometric indexes should always be accompanied by a detailed morphological description of the organs (inflorescence, leaf, fruit, and stone) of olive varieties following the UPOV method (Barranco et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of the promising olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars based on morphological and pomological characters

Khadivi

Mirheidari

Moradi

et al. 2022

Food Science & Nutrition

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Olive (Olea europaea L.) is an ancient tree and can tolerate drought very well. In the present study, morphological and pomological diversity of 24 olive cultivars (5–15 replications for each cultivar, 243 trees in total) was evaluated. There were significant differences among the cultivars studied based on the characters recorded. The CV was more than 20.00% in 46 of 50 characters measured. Leaf length ranged from 27.07 to 78.54 mm, and leaf width varied from 5.42 to 23.06 mm. Ripening date ranged from late‐August to early‐October. Fruit length ranged from 13.04 to 33.72 mm, fruit diameter varied from 10.24 to 23.71 mm, fruit weighted from 0.97 to 9.61 g, and the range of fruit flesh thickness was 1.63–7.65 mm. There was high variability in terms of fruit color, ranging from light green to black. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) performed based on the mean of replications with Euclidean distance and Ward method grouped the cultivars into two major clusters. Differences in many of the morphological traits were observed across the cultivars. These sets of data were used to identify unique and desirable cultivars morphologically. The present research demonstrates that local olive cultivars have unique characteristics that differentiate them from imported cultivars. Thus, local cultivars provide novel genetic resources that should be conserved.

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Identification of the promising Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes among seedling‐originated trees

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

The shape and volume of air, kernels and cracks, in a nutshell

The shape and volume of air, kernels and cracks, in a nutshell

Characterization and selection of thin-shelled walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes of Mustang, Nepal

Identification of the promising olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars based on morphological and pomological characters

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