Identification of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (<i>tps</i>) gene in desiccation tolerant and intolerant tardigrades

Cesari, Michele; Altiero, Tiziana; Rebecchi, Lorena

doi:10.1080/11250003.2012.703248

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Other species like E. granulatus and E. testudo synthesize low quantities of trehalose but do not upregulate synthesis during desiccation (Hengherr et al, 2008;Jonsson and Persson, 2010). Other tardigrades, like H. exemplaris, appear to lack entirely the trehalose 6-phosphate synthase and trehalose 6-P phosphatase enzymes required for trehalose synthesis (Cesari et al, 2012;Yoshida et al, 2017). Rotifers are also able to survive desiccation without synthesis of trehalose, suggesting that tardigrades are not unique in this respect (Lapinski and Tunnacliffe, 2003;Tunnacliffe et al, 2005).…”

Section: Varying Dependence On Trehalosementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance: Themes and Variations in Brine Shrimp, Roundworms, and Tardigrades

2020

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Water is critical for the survival of most cells and organisms. Remarkably, a small number of multicellular animals are able to survive nearly complete drying. The phenomenon of anhydrobiosis, or life without water, has been of interest to researchers for over 300 years. In this review we discuss advances in our understanding of protectants and mechanisms of desiccation tolerance that have emerged from research in three anhydrobiotic invertebrates: brine shrimp (Artemia), roundworms (nematodes), and tardigrades (water bears). Discovery of molecular protectants that allow each of these three animals to survive drying diversifies our understanding of desiccation tolerance, and convergent themes suggest mechanisms that may offer a general model for engineering desiccation tolerance in other contexts.

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Section: Varying Dependence On Trehalosementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance: Themes and Variations in Brine Shrimp, Roundworms, and Tardigrades

2020

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“…The named individuals are: Dac. parthenogeneticus Bertolani, 1982 57 , with partial gene sequences of COI (GenBank accession number AY598771) 58 , 18S rRNA (GenBank accession number HQ604963, HQ604964) 59 and trehalose-6-phophate synthase (TPS) (GenBank accession number JF488058) 60 ; Figure 3. DIC and SEM images of the buccal-pharyngeal apparatus of Dactylobiotus ovimutans sp.…”

Section: Description (Figures 1-4 Supplementarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative description of a new Dactylobiotus (Eutardigrada: Parachela) from Antarctica that reveals an intraspecific variation in tardigrade egg morphology

Kihm

Kim

McInnes

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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tardigrades constitute one of the most important group in the challenging Antarctic terrestrial ecosystem. Living in various habitats, tardigrades play major roles as consumers and decomposers in the trophic networks of Antarctic terrestrial and freshwater environments; yet we still know little about their biodiversity. The Eutardigrada is a species rich class, for which the eggshell morphology is one of the key morphological characters. Tardigrade egg morphology shows a diverse appearance, and it is known that, despite rare, intraspecific variation is caused by seasonality, epigenetics, and external environmental conditions. Here we report Dactylobiotus ovimutans sp. nov. from King George Island, Antarctica. Interestingly, we observed a range of eggshell morphologies from the new species, although the population was cultured under controlled laboratory condition. Thus, seasonality, environmental conditions, and food source are eliminated, leaving an epigenetic factor as a main cause for variability in this case. Phylum Tardigrada is a microscopic metazoan group, characterized by having four pairs of legs usually terminated with claws, and is considered to be related to the arthropods and onychophorans 1. They have attracted attention due to their cryptobiotic ability 2-7 , which helps them to occupy a variety of habitats throughout the world, including the harsh environments of Antarctica. The challenging environments of Antarctica are represented by a depauperate biodiversity, in which tardigrades have become one of the dominant invertebrate groups 8-13. Around 60 tardigrade species are recorded from Antarctic, with the Antarctic Peninsula having the most rich diversity 14-16. In comparison to the much smaller north polar areas, such as Alaska, Svalbard, or Faroe Island 17-20 , the biodiversity of Antarctic tardigrades is significantly underestimated. King George Island (KGI), the largest in the South Shetland Archipelago, covers about 1300 square kilometres comprising a mountainous landscape that is largely ice-covered with pockets of ice-free coastal regions 21,22. Eight countries operate permanent research bases, with most established at the western end, between Fildes Peninsula and Admiralty Bay. This makes KGI one of the most well studied regions of Antarctica (e.g. refs. 23-26). Compared to the recent studies devoted to marine meiofauna around KGI (see: refs. 27-29), studies on KGI terrestrial invertebrates have received little attention 30-32 , with rather outdated species lists (e.g. ref. 33), and even more so for tardigrades 34-36 .

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“…In Tardigrada, the presence and role of trehalose are still unclear. Some studies report low levels of this sugar, while others cannot identify trehalose at all in the same species [20][21][22][23][24] . It has not yet been studied in Hypsibius exemplaris.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural analysis of the dehydrated tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris unveils an anhydrobiotic-specific architecture

Richaud

Goff

Cazevielle

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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tardigrades can cope with adverse environmental conditions by turning into anhydrobiotes with a characteristic tun shape. tun formation is an essential morphological adaptation for tardigrade entry into the anhydrobiotic state. the tun cell structure and ultrastructure have rarely been explored in tardigrades in general and never in Hypsibius exemplaris. We used transmission electron microscopy to compare cellular organization and ultrastructures between hydrated and anhydrobiotic H. exemplaris. Despite a globally similar cell organelle structure and a number of cells not significantly different between hydrated and desiccated tardigrades, reductions in the sizes of both cells and mitochondria were detected in dehydrated animals. Moreover, in anhydrobiotes, secretory active cells with a dense endoplasmic reticulum network were observed. Interestingly, these anhydrobiote-specific cells are in a close relationship with a specific extracellular structure surrounding each cell. It is possible that this rampart-like extracellular structure resulted from the accumulation of anhydrobiotic-specific material to protect the cells. Interestingly, after five hours of rehydration, the number of secretory cells decreased, and the specific extracellular structure began to disappear. Twenty-four hours after the beginning of rehydration, the cellular structure and ultrastructure were comparable to those observed in hydrated tardigrades.

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Identification of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (tps) gene in desiccation tolerant and intolerant tardigrades

Cited by 15 publications

References 68 publications

Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance: Themes and Variations in Brine Shrimp, Roundworms, and Tardigrades

Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance: Themes and Variations in Brine Shrimp, Roundworms, and Tardigrades

Integrative description of a new Dactylobiotus (Eutardigrada: Parachela) from Antarctica that reveals an intraspecific variation in tardigrade egg morphology

Ultrastructural analysis of the dehydrated tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris unveils an anhydrobiotic-specific architecture

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