Identification of three yeast species using the conventional and internal transcribed spacer region sequencing methods as first or second global record from human superficial infections

Abstract

During the mycological analysis of skin and nail samples taken from patients with onychomycosis and tineas in Assiut city, it is interesting to report that yeast fungi were the main causal agents being cultured from 45.79% of total cases. In general, 21 species of yeast were isolated. Some of these are reported for the first time from clinical specimens. From the literature available up-to-date around the world, this study reports for the first time Saccharomycopsis fibuligera as the causal agent of four clinical cases: two onychomycoses, one tinea capitis and one tinea amiantacea. Also, it is reported here the second record for Trichosporon dohaense from a case of onychomycosis of a 40-year-old woman (after its original description in 2009 by Taj-Aldeen et al. J Clin Microbiol 47: 1791). Candida galli was also reported for the first time from clinical specimen (tinea unguium) in 2014 by Galán-Sánchez et al. Mycopathol 178: 303, and this study reports the second case of onychomycosis by C. galli. These strains were identified on the basis of their phenotypic, biochemical, physiological and genotypic features. Strains and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequences of these species are deposited at Assiut University Mycological Center Culture Collection (AUMC) and National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) respectively.

<em>Trichosporon dohaense</em>, a rare pathogen of human invasive infections, and literature review

“…Three T. dohaense cases, including one case each of tinea pedis, onychomycosis, and superficial catheter site, were first described in Doha, Qatar, by Taj-Aldeen et al 6 After this original description, the second case of T. dohaense was reported from a case of onychomycosis in 2016 in Assiut, Egypt. 21 We concluded that, in the first of the two articles identified in the literature, an immunocompromised state was the risk factor for infection by T. dohaense . Both the ITS and the D1/D2 sequences of T. dohaense strains in the previous studies clustered with those of the two isolates in our study, but only the ITS sequence was mentioned by the second report.…”

“…The MSP dendrogram generated from the protein mass spectra of T. dohaense isolates from the first report also clustered with our two isolates ( Table 3 , Figures 2 and 3 ). 6 , 21 Unfortunately, there was no IGS1 sequence available from literature review for investigation of the regional divergence of the species.…”

COVID-19-associated brain abscess caused by Trichosporon dohaense: A case report and review of literature

“…To our knowledge, this is also the first case of brain abscess caused by this rare Trichosporon species. So far, only seven cases of infection (4 cases of superficial infections, 2 cases of fungemia and 1 catheter-associated infection) caused by this fungus have been reported in literature ( Table 1 ) [ [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] ].…”

“… Reference (Year) GenBank Accession No. (ITS) Patient demographics Clinical specimen Infection Antifungal therapy Outcome Patient origin Age/Gender Myco 643 Taj-Aldeen et al (2009) [ 8 ] FJ228476 Qatar 70/F Toenail Onychomycosis Not known Not known Myco 194 Taj-Aldeen et al (2009) [ 8 ] FJ228474 Bangladesh 41/M Catheter Catheter-site infection Not known Not known Myco 483 Taj-Aldeen et al (2009) [ 8 ] FJ228475 India 34/M Skin scraping Tinea pedis Oral TRB + topical ECO + Whitfield’s ointment Recovered AUMC 10212 Abdel-Sater et al (2016) [ 9 ] KU200438 Egypt 40/F Fingernail Onychomycosis Not known Not known 10PU193 Yu et al (2018) [ 10 ] MG857685 China 56/M Blood Fungemia Not given LFU …”

“… Isolate No. Reference (Year) Country MIC (μg/mL) AMB FLC ITC VRC POS ISA 5FC Myco 643 Taj-Aldeen et al (2009) [ 8 ] Qatar 0.5–1 1–4 0.031–0.25 0.016–0.25 0.031–0.125 0.063–0.25 _ Myco 194 Taj-Aldeen et al (2009) [ 8 ] Qatar Myco 483 Taj-Aldeen et al (2009) [ 8 ] Qatar 10PU193 Yu et al (2018) [ 9 ] China 1 8 0.5 0.25 0.25 – 4 12ZZ130 Yu et al (2018) [ 9 ] China 1 16 0.5 1 0.5 – 4 Isolate 1 Mohanty et al (2020) [ 11 ] India 1 – – – – – – P103 Present case (2021) India 1 …”