“…Threshold concepts are distinguished from “key” or “core” concepts, as they are more than mere building blocks toward understanding within a discipline and are tentatively proposed to have five characteristics: they are transformative (occasioning a shift in perception and practice), probably irreversible (unlikely to be forgotten or unlearned), integrative (emerging patterns and connections), often disciplinarily bounded , and troublesome (Meyer and Land, 2006). Threshold concepts in diverse disciplines have been examined, including economics (Davies and Mangan, 2007), chemistry (Park and Light, 2009), biology (Taylor and Cope, 2007), biochemistry (Loertscher et al. , 2014), and computer science (Zander et al.…”