Identification of trace metals and potential anthropogenic influences on the historic New York African Burial Ground population: A pXRF technology approach

Clinton, Carter; Duncan, Candice M.; Shaw, Richard K.; Jackson, Latifa; Jackson, Fatimah

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55125-7

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The skeletonadjacent soil was collected from multiple body regions from each of the 59 NYABG inhabitants. Soil chemistry analyses are performed to explore the environment of 17th century Lower Manhattan, local anthropogenic influences, and the predominant diets of individuals in the burial ground (Clinton, Duncan, Shaw, Jackson, & Jackson, 2019).…”

Section: Bioethical Dimensions Of Current Research On the Nyabgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical overview, current research, and emerging bioethical guidelines in researching the New York African burial ground

Clinton

Jackson

2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: The issues addressed in this article are those related to the bioethical actions and decisions surrounding the excavation of the New York African Burial Ground (NYABG) in the 1990s, the significance of conducting research on historical African/African American remains, and the eminence of protecting newly discovered African American burial sites in the future for research purposes.Materials and methods: Skeletal (n = 419, at the time of excavation) and soil (n = 92) remains of the 17th and 18th century New York African Burial Ground were used to discuss the necessity of research on historical African/African American remains.Discussion: Studying the remains of enslaved Africans is critical to understanding the biological processes and existence of all people. Researching the NYABG site, the oldest and largest burial site of free and enslaved Africans, illuminates the necessity and significance of scientific research on other historical African/African American cemeteries throughout the nation. The results of future research will provide a more profound sense of identity for a group of people who were forcefully severed from their genetic and cultural origins. This research will increase the representation of African descended people in genomic, anthropological, and cultural research, and ultimately help researchers to learn more about the origins of all humans.

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Section: Bioethical Dimensions Of Current Research On the Nyabgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical overview, current research, and emerging bioethical guidelines in researching the New York African burial ground

Clinton

Jackson

2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…A portable XRF (pXRF) was developed for use in various research fields requiring instant, portable, and nondestructive analyses, such as archaeology, forensics, and art [10,[21][22][23][24][25]. In art, for instance, the pigment analysis of Vincent van Gogh with a pXRF detected Ca, Ba, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn as the content [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the black ceramic print on automotive glass is expected to contain those elements [14,16]. A pXRF potentially allows an instant and nondestructive analysis of various elements [10,[21][22][23][24][25] in black ceramic prints on automotive glasses in situ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive discrimination of black ceramic prints on automotive glasses by portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer

Ishimi

Seto

Nishiwaki

2022

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Automotive glasses are important forensic evidence often recovered from crime scenes. Black ceramic prints on automotive glasses contains various elements in high concentrations. A portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) allows an instant and nondestructive analysis of various elements. In this study, the Bruker Tracer 5 g was used as the pXRF equipment. The NIST SRM612 glass standard was used to determine the limit of detection (LODs) of a pXRF and its optimal conditions. The acceleration voltages of 15, 30, and 50 kV were appropriate for measuring Si K α (1.740 keV)-Ni K α (7.473 keV), Cu K α (8.042 keV)-Pb L α (10.552 keV), and after Bi K α (10.839 keV), respectively. The pXRF was used to compare 37 black ceramic prints on automotive glasses from the known source. The samples were divided into two groups: the Pb type and the Bi type. The samples were compared in pairs. The most appropriate and effective indicators for discriminating between the Pb and Bi type of black ceramic prints on automotive glasses were Zr K α /Pb L α and Cu K α /Cr K α for the Pb type, and Zr K α /Bi L α and Cu K α /Cr α for the Bi type, respectively. The samples were compared with other elements detected by pXRF to further discriminate them. 98.9% of all pairs were successfully discriminated. Results showed that black ceramic prints on automotive glasses are able to be discriminated by pXRF.

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“…From the 1990s onwards, more studies about Necrosol physicochemical properties have been published, mainly focused on the chemical properties 11,12,13,14 and organic content 15,16 . Studies on the inorganic chemical composition only deal with a few elements (see 17 ). In Archaeology, the increase of phosphorous content in soil was traditionally researched as a signal of skeletal remains or to identify a burial site 18,19,20,21,22,23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Necrosol pedogenetical processes in post-Roman burials developed on dunes sands

García-López

Cortizas

Álvarez-Fernández

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Interaction between human remains and sediments starts after inhumation, leading to physico-changes and the development of a Necrosol, a type of soil seldom considered in archaeological research. In this study we analysed for physical (grain size, colour) and chemical (pH; LOI; elemental composition: FTIR-ATR, XRF, C and N) properties of soil samples from i) two graves from the post-Roman funerary area of A Lanzada (NW Spain) and ii) samples of a paleosol (coeval with the burials) from a nearby pedo-sedimentary sequence. The aim was to characterize Necrosol composition and pedogenesis and compare them with a reference soil. Principal component analysis of the dataset enabled to identify five pedogenetical processes: decalcification, melanization, acidification, neoformation of secondary minerals and enrichment in phosphorus. Overall, Necrosol pedogenesis was found to be of lower intensity than that of the reference soil (differing between burials), but some processes seem to be specific of the Necrosol formation (i.e., enrichment in phosphorous). Our results allow a proper description of the Necrosol and the funerary ritual followed by post-Roman inhabitants of A Lanzada. The characteristic Necrosol pedogenesis makes this soil a valuable archive that provides complementary information for the study of skeletal remains.

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Identification of trace metals and potential anthropogenic influences on the historic New York African Burial Ground population: A pXRF technology approach

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Historical overview, current research, and emerging bioethical guidelines in researching the New York African burial ground

Historical overview, current research, and emerging bioethical guidelines in researching the New York African burial ground

Nondestructive discrimination of black ceramic prints on automotive glasses by portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer

Understanding Necrosol pedogenetical processes in post-Roman burials developed on dunes sands

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