Identification of Tunisian Leishmania spp. by PCR amplification of cysteine proteinase B (cpb) genes and phylogenetic analysis

Chaouch, Melek; Mili, Ali; Driss, Mehdi; Lahmadi, Ramzi; Ayari, Chiraz; Guizani, Ikram; Saïd, M. Ben; BenAbderrazak, Souha

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.11.012

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Cysteine proteinase B (CPB) is another antigenic protein, and several copies of the gene are present in the Leishmania genome, arranged in a tandem array (178). The copies are not all identical and are classified into various subgroups (179)(180)(181)(182). Like GP63, it is an important factor in the host-parasite relationship (183) and is therefore especially fit for looking at population structure in a clinical context.…”

Section: Gp63mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have used species-specific cpb PCRs that amplify one or a few species (179,181,186). Lopez et al (187) developed a more general assay, based on specific PCR amplification of certain groups followed by RFLP analysis to discriminate species within each group, but the assay was developed in silico and was not validated on type strains or compared with other methods.…”

Section: Gp63mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strategies include histone 2B RFLP analysis (184); sequencing and RFLP analysis of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase (181,224); PCR and RFLP analysis of hydrophilic acylated surface protein B, also known as K26 (9,225); glycosomal glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase sequencing (24); meta2 RFLP analysis (226); chitinase sequencing (27); sequence analysis of DNA and RNA polymerase genes (227); pteridine reductase 1 sequencing (228); ␤-tubulin analysis (229); heat shock protein 20 sequencing (230); and sequence analysis of a calmodulin intergenic spacer (231).…”

Section: Miscellaneous Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species Typing in Dermal Leishmaniasis

2015

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SUMMARY Leishmania is an infectious protozoan parasite related to African and American trypanosomes. All Leishmania species that are pathogenic to humans can cause dermal disease. When one is confronted with cutaneous leishmaniasis, identification of the causative species is relevant in both clinical and epidemiological studies, case management, and control. This review gives an overview of the currently existing and most used assays for species discrimination, with a critical appraisal of the limitations of each technique. The consensus taxonomy for the genus is outlined, including debatable species designations. Finally, a numerical literature analysis is presented that describes which methods are most used in various countries and regions in the world, and for which purposes.

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Section: Gp63mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gp63mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Miscellaneous Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species Typing in Dermal Leishmaniasis

2015

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“…In 2009, an update study by Pratlong et al confirmed the inclusion of L. killicki within the L. tropica complex [51]. Phenetic and phylogenetic studies using multilocus microsatellite typing [52], PCR sequencing [53], and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) [54] also classified L. killicki within the L. tropica complex. A recent study on the evolutionary history of L. killicki relative to L. tropica suggested that L. killicki emerged from a single founder event and evolved independently from L. tropica.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniasis in Tunisia: History and New Insights into the Epidemiology of a Neglected Disease

Haouas¹,

Babba²

2017

The Epidemiology and Ecology of Leishmaniasis

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In Tunisia, both cutaneous (CL) and visceral leishmaniases (VL) are historical diseases that have been described since the nineteenth century. Cutaneous form is more prevalent than the visceral one. It is caused by three taxa (Leishmania major, Leishmania infantum, and Leishmania killicki synonymous Leishmania tropica) and six zymodemes (MON-1, . Among these dermotropic zymodemes, sand flies vectors and reservoir hosts were identified for only three ones. Transmission cycles of L. infantum MON-24 and MON-80 and L. killicki MON-317 are still unknown. Zoonotic CL is largely distributed and covers mainly the sub-arid and arid bioclimatic stages. Nevertheless, it has recently spread to the humid and sub-humid stages in northern Tunisia. Sporadic and chronic CL are less prevalent with limited geographical distribution. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is mainly infantile that affects children of <13 years. It is caused by the single taxon L. infantum. Transmission cycle of this parasite is zoonotic but not well elucidated. Three zymodemes are responsible for the genesis of VL (MON-1, MON-24 and MON-80). Only the transmission cycle of L. infantum MON-1 is identified. Geographically, VL is mainly distributed in the humid, sub-humid, and semiarid bioclimatic stages of the country. Despite the large progress of knowledge in the ecoepidemiology of leishmaniases in Tunisia, many parameters of the transmission cycles of these taxa are still unknown and need further investigations to identify them.

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“…We added sequences of CATB genes to the present analysis because this single-copy gene of quite variable sequence has been used in the taxonomy of Leishmania spp. (Laurent et al, 2009;Chaouch 2013;Tsokana et al, 2014) and, then, might be also useful for the taxonomy of others taxons within Leishmaniinae.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversidade, taxonomia e filogenia de tripanossomatídeos da subfamilia Leishmaniinae.

Espinosa¹

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The Leishmaniinae subfamily trypanosomatids include parasites exclusively found in insects, and classified as Crithidia and Leptomonas, and species evolving in vertebrate and insects of genera Endotrypanum and Leishmania. Phylogenetic analysis positioned Crithidia and Leptomonas species in several clades corroborating their polyphyly. In addition, the genus Endotrypanum of trypanosomatids from sloths and sand flies has been questioned due to its relationships with some "enigmatic", Neotropical species of Leishmania (mostly of wildlife). Therefore, Crithidia, Leptomonas and Endotrypanum need to be revised taxonomically. Aiming to understand the phylogenetic relationships of taxons within Leishmaniinae the main goals of this study were: a) to characterize a large number of Leishmaniinae isolates; b) to evaluate the suitability of different molecular markers to assess the relationships among species separated by small genetic distances. With these purposes, large sampling of trypanosomatids from insects (Hemiptera and Diptera) and wild vertebrates from Central America (CA), South America (SA) and Africa (AF) was analyzed by V7V8 SSUrRNA barcoding. All samples assigned to Leishmaniinae were selected for phylogenetic inferences based on SSUrRNA, gGAPDH, CATB, HSP70 and ITS1rDNA, including other sequences available in databanks. Phylogeny of SSUrRNA revealed several groups despite high degrees of sequence conservation inter-and intra-group. In contrast, gGAPDH and CATB gene analyses allowed the positioning of Leishmaniinae species in well-supported clades, with two major clades being evidenced in all analyses: 1) one clade comprised exclusively trypanosomatids of insects distributed in 7 subclades, each corresponding to one genus, including Crithidia, Leptomonas, Legeria (proposed in this work), and four unnamed additional genera. The species within these genera were widespread in a range of insects: Crithidia harbored parasites of flies, mosquitoes and hemipterans from SA and NA (North America); Legeria isolates of flies and hemipterans from AF, CA and SA; and Leptomonas only isolates of hemipterans from AF, CA and SA. 2) The proposed new genus Legeria was closest to the second major clade. The latter harbored Leishmania/Endotrypanum and the basal Costarricensis group comprised by equatorial parasites from hemipteran predators and sand flies, thus supporting the origin of Leishmania from a Neotropical insect trypanosomatid. Diverse isolates of lyzards, including new species from AF (Mozambique), were all nested into the subgenera L. (Sauroleishmania), which was positioned with strong support closer to the subgenus L. (Leishmania) than to Viannia, then supporting that lizard leishmanias diverged in the Old World. The three subgenera were separated from another clade formed by Neotropical isolates of sandflies, sloths and humans classified as Endotrypanum and Leishmania, with L. deanei/L.hertigi of porcupines as basal species. The comprehensive analysis performed in this study regarding the number and diversity of isola...

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Identification of Tunisian Leishmania spp. by PCR amplification of cysteine proteinase B (cpb) genes and phylogenetic analysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 48 publications

Species Typing in Dermal Leishmaniasis

Species Typing in Dermal Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis in Tunisia: History and New Insights into the Epidemiology of a Neglected Disease

Diversidade, taxonomia e filogenia de tripanossomatídeos da subfamilia Leishmaniinae.

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