Identification of Urine Biomarkers to Improve Eligibility for Prostate Biopsy and Detect High-Grade Prostate Cancer

Abstract

PCa screening is based on the measurements of the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) to select men with higher risks for tumors and, thus, eligible for prostate biopsy. However, PSA testing has a low specificity, leading to unnecessary biopsies in 50–75% of cases. Therefore, more specific screening opportunities are needed to reduce the number of biopsies performed on healthy men and patients with indolent tumors. Urine samples from 45 patients with elevated PSA were collected prior to prostate biopsy, a mass spectrometry (MS) screening was performed to identify novel biomarkers and the best candidates were validated by ELISA. The urine quantification of PEDF, HPX, CD99, CANX, FCER2, HRNR, and KRT13 showed superior performance compared to PSA. Additionally, the combination of two biomarkers and patient age resulted in an AUC of 0.8196 (PSA = 0.6020) and 0.7801 (PSA = 0.5690) in detecting healthy men and high-grade PCa, respectively. In this study, we identified and validated novel urine biomarkers for the screening of PCa, showing that an upfront urine test, based on quantitative biomarkers and patient age, is a feasible method to reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies and detect both healthy men and clinically significant PCa.

Association between novel genetic variants of Notch signaling pathway genes and survival of hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma

“… 35 Another study reported that the expression of FCER2 was significantly decreased in prostate cancer, which could serve as a reliable biomarker to avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies and misdiagnosis. 36 In a nasopharyngeal carcinoma study, it was found that FCER2 was a downregulated gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and its expression levels were significantly lower in nasopharyngeal carcinoma than in adjacent tissues. This gene was the first confirmed diagnostic marker related to immune cell infiltration in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.…”

“…In addition, FCER2 was significantly associated with individual cancer stages, and the expression of FCER2 decreases with tumor progression 35 . Another study reported that the expression of FCER2 was significantly decreased in prostate cancer, which could serve as a reliable biomarker to avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies and misdiagnosis 36 . In a nasopharyngeal carcinoma study, it was found that FCER2 was a downregulated gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and its expression levels were significantly lower in nasopharyngeal carcinoma than in adjacent tissues.…”

Comparisons of the diagnostic accuracy across prostate health index, prostate health index density, and percentage free prostate-specific antigen for clinically significant prostate cancer: a prospective diagnostic study

“…Therefore, the screening of csPCa becomes an important part of the treatment strategy (15). Studies have shown that approximately 75% of patients undergo unnecessary prostate biopsies based on PSA values only (16,17). Excessive biopsies lead to serious complications, such as urinary tract infections, pain, and hematuria (18).…”

New mechanisms and biomarkers of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer: reflections from plasma proteomics

“…Unlike the molecules mentioned above, according to the results of our literature search, HPX has rarely been reported in the context of cervical disease. However, its diagnostic value has been proven in gallbladder carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer [ 39 – 41 ], and so on. Therefore, we believe that these five protein molecules (including SPARC) have the potential to be plasma biomarkers in cervical cancer patients.…”