Identification of vaginal Leptospira in cervical-vaginal mucus of slaughtered pigs in the amazon region

Gomes, Yuri Almeida; Medeiros, Luciana dos Santos; Azevedo, Maria Isabel Nogueira Di; Loureiro, Ana Paula; Melo, Juliana dos Santos Loria de; Carvalho-Costa, Filipe Aníbal; Lilenbaum, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106930

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…circulating in the Amazon region has already been demonstrated based on sec Y gene, and the species L. interrogans, L. noguchii, L. kirshnerii. L. santarosai, and L. borgpetersenii have been identified in bovine, pigs, rodent, and marsupials [13,[36][37][38][39]. Moreover, similarly to the results from the present study, an independent clade, close but separated from L. kirshnerii was identified in cattle from the region after phylogenetic analyses based on secY gene [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Genetic Evidence for a Potentially New Pathogenic Leptospira sp. Circulating in Bats from Brazilian Amazon

Di Azevedo,

Verde,

Ezepha

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis frequently reported worldwide, caused by a spirochete of the genus Leptospira. It is capable of infecting domestic animals, free-living animals, and humans. Among wild animals, the role of bats in the epidemiology of leptospirosis has been investigated but is far from being elucidated. The Amazonian biome has the ideal conditions for maintaining and disseminating leptospires and, despite efforts that have been made to better understand leptospires’ occurrence in wild animals in the region, few studies aimed to explore and genetically characterize leptospires in bats. Based on this, the aim of the present study is to deeper investigate and genetically characterize leptospires detected in bats from the southwest Amazon. Animals were trapped by mist netting at five sites in the state of Acre, Brazil. Kidney samples were obtained and stored for molecular analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted first based on the LipL32 gene, and positive samples were submitted to rrs and secY-PCR and sequencing. Sequences were then submitted to phylogenetic analyses through multiple bioinformatic tools. The rrs sequences from the present study formed one single haplotype, different from any other previously deposited, grouped in a highly supported cluster with sequences from bats from Madagascar and China. The initial secY screening revealed no identity with previously deposited sequences. The phylogenetic trees revealed the sequences from the present study in an isolated branch, clearly separated from all previously known pathogenic Leptospira spp., suggesting the existence of a potentially undescribed species. The haplotype network including only leptospires from the Amazon region confirmed two new haplotypes from the same taxon unity, isolated from the others, with a probable origin of the species from L. noguchii. The characterization of this potentially new species in bats reinforces the complexity of the transmission dynamics of leptospires, including wild, periurban, and urban environments, emphasizing the need for an integrative look at leptospirosis vigilance within the context of One Health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Genetic Evidence for a Potentially New Pathogenic Leptospira sp. Circulating in Bats from Brazilian Amazon

Di Azevedo,

Verde,

Ezepha

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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“…The current study's findings confirm that the genital-urinary system is a significant extrarenal source of leptospire infection. The recent identification of L. interrogans serogroups suggests that this serovar is linked to infections of the reproductive system and has to be taken into consideration in swine production enterprises (Gomes et al, 2022). Dogs are frequently affected by leptospirosis, although studies on chronic infection have just currently been studied.…”

Section: Reproductive Implications: Effects Of Leptospirosis On Repro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis: A Zoonotic Disease with Reproductive Implications

2023

IJAB

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Leptospirosis, a long-standing zoonotic threat that has been recognized for more than a century, has drawn more attention because of its significant effects on public health, especially when it comes to reproductive health. This bacterial disease, that is caused by the spirochete bacterium of genus Leptospira, is quite common around the world and affects both developed and developing countries. The complex nature of leptospirosis transmission, which is deeply intertwined with eco-epidemiological contexts, demands comprehension of its multiple manifestations. The disease's diverse epidemiology is attributed to the vectors that carry it from urban to rural areas, including contaminated water sources and rats. Within the complex landscape of pathogenesis, leptospirosis presents as an acute bacterial septicemic febrile sickness that affects multiple organs and systems. The disease's severity is highlighted by its chronic form, referred as Weil's syndrome, which affects both people and animals. It also has a major impact on reproductive health, since it increases the risk of infertility, abortion, and stillbirth in females. Diagnostic techniques, essential for prompt intervention, involves dark-field microscopy and serological testing. The diagnosis is complicated, necessitating careful specimen collection. The zoonotic nature of the disease, as evidenced by the facts, demands heightened awareness, especially among the people who are at risk. Effective control strategies such as vaccination, chemoprophylaxis, and herd management are crucial since the disease can impact a wide range of populations, including farmers, sewage workers, and medical personnel. This chapter offers a thorough examination of leptospirosis, covering its etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and complex zoonotic network. The emphasis on reproductive implications highlights the need for more knowledge and investigation to improve animal and human health outcomes in the face of this persistent public health issue.

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“…Pathogenic leptospires have been found in the reproductive tracts of domestic cattle, pigs, sheep, and wild boar, so venereal transmission may be possible and could maintain transmission when environmental conditions do not favor survival of the spirochete outside the mammalian host. 31,[60][61][62][63] Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo has also been detected in fresh raw milk, suggesting that infection may also be transmitted through consumption of unpasteurized milk products. 64 Although it was thought that pathogenic leptospires could only replicate in infected hosts and not in the environment, a 2022 study 6 found that the organism could replicate in waterlogged soil, but not in soil or water alone.…”

Section: Roles Of Pathogen Host and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global one health perspective on leptospirosis in humans and animals

Sykes

Haake

Gamage

et al. 2022

javma

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Leptospirosis is a quintessential one health disease of humans and animals caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. Intra- and interspecies transmission is dependent on 1) reservoir host animals in which organisms replicate and are shed in urine over long periods of time, 2) the persistence of spirochetes in the environment, and 3) subsequent human-animal-environmental interactions. The combination of increased flooding events due to climate change, changes in human-animal-environmental interactions as a result of the pandemic that favor a rise in the incidence of leptospirosis, and under-recognition of leptospirosis because of nonspecific clinical signs and severe signs that resemble COVID-19 represents a “perfect storm” for resurgence of leptospirosis in people and domestic animals. Although often considered a disease that occurs in warm, humid climates with high annual rainfall, pathogenic Leptospira spp have recently been associated with disease in animals and humans that reside in semiarid regions like the southwestern US and have impacted humans that have a wide spectrum of socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, it is critical that physicians, veterinarians, and public health experts maintain a high index of suspicion for the disease regardless of geographic and socioeconomic circumstances and work together to understand outbreaks and implement appropriate control measures. Over the last decade, major strides have been made in our understanding of the disease because of improvements in diagnostic tests, molecular epidemiologic tools, educational efforts on preventive measures, and vaccines. These novel approaches are highlighted in the companion Currents in One Health by Sykes et al, AJVR, September 2022.

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Identification of vaginal Leptospira in cervical-vaginal mucus of slaughtered pigs in the amazon region

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Genetic Evidence for a Potentially New Pathogenic Leptospira sp. Circulating in Bats from Brazilian Amazon

Genetic Evidence for a Potentially New Pathogenic Leptospira sp. Circulating in Bats from Brazilian Amazon

Leptospirosis: A Zoonotic Disease with Reproductive Implications

A global one health perspective on leptospirosis in humans and animals

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