Identification of various urinary metabolites of fluorene using derivatization solid-phase microextraction

Gmeine, G; Gärtner, Peter; Krassnig, C; Tausch, H.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00471-6

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The largest difference between smokers and non-smokers in PAH metabolite concentrations regard 2-OH-Nap, 1-OH-P and OH-phenanthrenes [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. Moreover, several authors have shown that urinary OH-fluorene levels are positively correlated with smoking status, particularly 1-OH-fluorene [ 22 , 57 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of analytical methods to identify suitable risk-control strategies for occupational hygiene conservation programs have aroused interest in the scientific community. Most analytical methods have been published to measure urinary OH-PAHs [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], which have two to three benzene rings, and only eleven studies [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ] have considered the determination of OH-PAHs with more than three benzene rings, particularly 3-OH-B[a]P.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Throughput Analysis of Selected Urinary Hydroxy Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by an Innovative Automated Solid-Phase Microextraction

et al. 2018

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High-throughput screening of samples is the strategy of choice to detect occupational exposure biomarkers, yet it requires a user-friendly apparatus that gives relatively prompt results while ensuring high degrees of selectivity, precision, accuracy and automation, particularly in the preparation process. Miniaturization has attracted much attention in analytical chemistry and has driven solvent and sample savings as easier automation, the latter thanks to the introduction on the market of the three axis autosampler. In light of the above, this contribution describes a novel user-friendly solid-phase microextraction (SPME) off- and on-line platform coupled with gas chromatography and triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry to determine urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 1- and 2-hydroxy-naphthalene, 9-hydroxy-phenanthrene, 1-hydroxy-pyrene, 3- and 9-hydroxy-benzoantracene, and 3-hydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene. In this new procedure, chromatography’s sensitivity is combined with the user-friendliness of N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide on-fiber SPME derivatization using direct immersion sampling; moreover, specific isotope-labelled internal standards provide quantitative accuracy. The detection limits for the seven OH-PAHs ranged from 0.25 to 4.52 ng/L. Intra-(from 2.5 to 3.0%) and inter-session (from 2.4 to 3.9%) repeatability was also evaluated. This method serves to identify suitable risk-control strategies for occupational hygiene conservation programs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Analysis of Selected Urinary Hydroxy Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by an Innovative Automated Solid-Phase Microextraction

et al. 2018

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“…The largest different in PAH metabolite concentrations between smokers and non-smokers were observed with 2-OH-Nap, 1-OH-P and OH-phenanthrenes [55][56][57]. Several authors show that urinary OH-fluorene levels are positively correlated with smoking status, particularly 1-OH-fluorene [22,57].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) as a TBDMS derivatizing agents was used in GC analysis of amino acids and in GC-MS analysis of hydroxylated fluorenes, and it was shown that TBDMS derivatives were thermally stable and had favorable fragmentations upon electron impact (EI) ionization [22,61] (Figure 1). These spectra were simple and gave intense fragment ion peaks corresponding to the [M-57] + ion due to the loss of a tert-butyl fragment from the molecular ion.…”

Section: Spme-derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most analytical methods have been published to measure urinary OH-PAHs [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] which have two to three benzene rings, and only eleven study [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] have considered the determination of OH-PAHs with more than three benzene rings, particularly 3-OH-B[a]P. These existing assays have limitation, namely: their complexity, their use of solvents, and/or the need for clean-up steps to extract and eliminate interfering compounds from the urine, all of which involved lengthy manual operation, bigger costs, uncertainty in the determination analysis and the possible loss of analyte. For these reason, simultaneous and more sensitive assays methods than those available were needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Throughput Analysis of Selected Urinary Hydroxy Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by an Innovative Automated Solid-Phase Microextraction

Dugheri

Bonari

Gentili

et al. 2018

Preprint

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High-throughput screening of samples is the strategy of choice to detect occupational exposure biomarkers, yet it requires user-friendly apparatus that gives relatively prompt results while ensuring high degrees of selectivity, precision, accuracy and automation, particularly in preparation processes. In the last 10 years, miniaturization has attracted much attention in analytical chemistry and has driven solvent and sample savings and easier automation, the latter thanks to the introduction on the market of three axis autosampler. In light of the above, this contribution describes a novel user-friendly solid-phase microextraction (SPME) off- and on-line platform coupled with gas chromatography triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry to determine urinary 1- and 2-hydroxy-napthalene, 9-hydroxy-phenantrene, 1-hydroxy-pyrene, 3- and 9-hydroxy-benzoantracene and 3-hydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene, metabolites of the related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this new procedure chromatography’s sensitivity is combined with the user-friendliness of N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide on-fiber SPME derivatization previous direct immersion sampling, to which is added the quantitative accuracy afforded using specific isotope-labelled internal standards. The detection limits for the seven OH-PAHs were ranged from 0.28 to 1.87 ng/L. Intra-(from 2.5 to 3.0%) and inter-session (from 2.4 to 3.9%) repeatability was also evaluated. This method serves to identify suitable risk-control strategies for occupational hygiene conservation programs

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Determination of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by HPLC-photoionization tandem mass spectrometry in wood smoke particles and soil samples

et al. 2015

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A simple and fast method for analysis of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using pressurized liquid extraction and high performance liquid chromatography utilizing photoionization tandem mass spectrometry was developed. Simultaneous separation and determination of nine hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and two hydroxy biphenyls could be performed in negative mode with a run time of 12 min, including equilibration in 5 min. The calibration curves were in two concentration ranges; 1-50 ng/mL and 0.01-50 μg/mL, with coefficients of correlation R (2) > 0.997. The limits of detection and method quantification limits were in the range of 9-56 pg and 5-38 ng/g, respectively. A two-level full factorial experimental design was used for screening of conditions with the highest impact on the extraction. The extraction procedure was automated and suitable for a large number of samples. The extraction recoveries ranged from 70 to 102 % and the matrix effects were between 92 and 104 %. The overall method was demonstrated on wood smoke particles and soil samples with good analytical performance, and five OH-PAHs were determined in the concentration range of 0.19-210 μg/g. As far as we know, hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in wood smoke and soil samples using photoionization mass spectrometry for the first time in this present study. Accordingly, this study shows that high performance liquid chromatography photoionization tandem mass spectrometry can be a good option for the determination of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex environmental samples. Graphical Abstract The method developed in this study was used to determine hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wood smoke and soil.

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Identification of various urinary metabolites of fluorene using derivatization solid-phase microextraction

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

High-Throughput Analysis of Selected Urinary Hydroxy Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by an Innovative Automated Solid-Phase Microextraction

High-Throughput Analysis of Selected Urinary Hydroxy Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by an Innovative Automated Solid-Phase Microextraction

High-Throughput Analysis of Selected Urinary Hydroxy Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by an Innovative Automated Solid-Phase Microextraction

Determination of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by HPLC-photoionization tandem mass spectrometry in wood smoke particles and soil samples

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