Identification of vivianite, an unusual blue pigment, in a sixteenth century painting and its implications

Cruz, António João; Eires, Erica; Dias, Luís; Desterro, Teresa; Rêgo, Carla

doi:10.1002/col.22181

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Vivianite is a dark blue or green mineral that is normally stable, but it can be colorless when first exposed. This color transformation is unique to vivianite, which is found in peat bogs [76].…”

Section: Blue Earthsmentioning

confidence: 87%

A Review on Historical Earth Pigments Used in India’s Wall Paintings

Sharma

Singh²

2021

Heritage

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Iron-containing earth minerals of various hues were the earliest pigments of the prehistoric artists who dwelled in caves. Being a prominent part of human expression through art, nature-derived pigments have been used in continuum through ages until now. Studies reveal that the primitive artist stored or used his pigments as color cakes made out of skin or reeds. Although records to help understand the technical details of Indian painting in the early periodare scanty, there is a certain amount of material from which some idea may be gained regarding the methods used by the artists to obtain their results. Considering Indian wall paintings, the most widely used earth pigments include red, yellow, and green ochres, making it fairly easy for the modern era scientific conservators and researchers to study them. The present knowledge on material sources given in the literature is limited and deficient as of now, hence the present work attempts to elucidate the range of earth pigments encountered in Indian wall paintings and the scientific studies and characterization by analytical techniques that form the knowledge background on the topic. Studies leadingto well-founded knowledge on pigments can contribute towards the safeguarding of Indian cultural heritage as well as spread awareness among conservators, restorers, and scholars.

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Section: Blue Earthsmentioning

confidence: 87%

A Review on Historical Earth Pigments Used in India’s Wall Paintings

Sharma

Singh²

2021

Heritage

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“…And it is the basic raw material for the production of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ), Lithium iron phosphate is increasingly used as a precursor in the manufacture of lithium-ion secondary batteries 12 , 13 . The use of vivianite as a pigment can be traced back to the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries 14 , 15 . And large high-purity vivianite has high collection value 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on anaerobic phosphorus release from pig manure and phosphorus recovery by vivianite method

Chen,

Song,

Xing

2023

Sci Rep

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In this study, pig manure rich in phosphorus was used as the recovery object, In order to realize the maximum recovery of phosphorus resources in pig manure, this study established a phosphorus recovery route combining the electrochemical method with the Vivianite method using sacrificial iron anode. And in order to obtain phosphorus rich supernatant, pig manure was treated with different pH values, and the changes in phosphorus components and metal content in the liquid phase were mainly investigated; Graded phosphorus components and microbial communities in the solid phase; Finally, the effect of electrolytic recovery of phosphorus from fermentation supernatant was studied. The results showed that the highest total phosphorus (TP) content in the liquid phase follows a trend of acidity > control > alkalinity; The analysis of the results of solid-phase phosphorus fractionation extraction shows that acidic conditions are more conducive to the release of Non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) and Apatite inorganic phosphorus (AP); The microbial community promotes the release of phosphorus by participating in the decomposition of fermentation substrates; The analysis of the change of metal content in the liquid phase before and after electrolysis showed that the two chamber electrolytic cell can not remove other metal components while recovering the vivianite; More than 90% of the phosphorus in the supernatant after fermentation was recovered by electrolysis. The characterization results showed that 84.66% of the precipitate was Vivianite.

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“…Naturally occurring metal phosphate minerals such as turquoise [CuAl 6 (PO 4 ) 4 (OH) 8 ·4H 2 O], 1 vivianite [Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ·8H 2 O], 2 and variscite (AlPO 4 ·2H 2 O) 3 have vivid colors and have therefore long been valued for use in pigments, jewelry, and accessories. The color, transparency, and luster of an inorganic mineral are influenced by the composition, crystal phase, and particle size and shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%