Identification of β-Sitosterol as in Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Constituent in Moringa oleifera

Abstract

β-Sitosterol is a well known phytosterol in plants, but owing to its poor solubility in typical media, determining its cellular mechanisms has been proven to be difficult. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of βsitosterol (BSS) isolated from Moringa oleifera in two cell lines. Over a dose range of 7.5 to 30 μM, BSS dispersed well in the medium as nanoparticles with diameters of 50 ± 5 nm and suppressed the secretion of inflammatory factors from keratinocytes and macrophages induced by PGN, TNF-α, or LPS, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and ROS, separately. In addition, BSS significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3, a key component of NLRP3 inflammasomes, and inhibited the activation of caspase-1. There was partial inhibition of NF-κB in macrophages. This is the first study to report an increase in the solubility of nearly water-insoluble phytosterols via the formation of nanoparticles and to delineate the formulation's capacity to inhibit the signal transduction pathways of inflammation in macrophages.

Anti‑inflammatory activity of Radix Angelicae biseratae in the treatment of osteoarthritis determined by systematic pharmacology and in vitro experiments

“…According to the analysis of the components-targets network model, sitosterol had the most significant number of target connections (degree=11), followed by O-acetyl columbianetin (degree=7) and nodakenin (degree=6). Sitosterol has a wide range of biological functions in vivo, including antitumor, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity and roles in reducing gallstone activity (38). Combined with the results of molecular docking in the present study, it is proposed that sitosterol is a critical potential active component of Radix Angelicae biseratae in the treatment of OA.…”

Scutellarin Exerts Hypoglycemic and Renal Protective Effects in db/db Mice via the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway

“…This imbalance of IL-1 β leads to pancreatic islet inflammation [53], aggravating diabetes mellitus. Similarly, lipopolysaccharide stimulates the secretion of inflammatory factors, such as TNF- α and IL-1 β , in the macrophage [54], which causes the development of inflammatory responses. Additionally, the significant elevation in IL-2 level was also noted in patients with nephropathy [55].…”

β-Sitosterol Attenuates High Grain Diet-Induced Inflammatory Stress and Modifies Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota in Sheep

“…It has been reported that BSS has many biological activities, such as cholesterol-lowering [15], anticancer [16], antioxidant [17], and anti-inflammatory [18]. Furthermore, several studies have been demonstrated that BSS ameliorated high-fat diet-induced intestinal inflammation in mice [19], suppressed the secretion of inflammatory factors from keratinocytes and macrophages induced by LPS, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, respectively [20]. In spite of the excellent aforementioned biological functions, information is extremely scarce regarding dietary BBS supplementation on inflammatory response and ruminal bacterial community in ruminants fed high grain-diets.…”