Identification, Phylogeny, Divergence, Structure, and Expression Analysis of A20/AN1 Zinc Finger Domain Containing Stress-Associated Proteins (SAPs) Genes in Jatropha curcas L.

Abstract

Jatropha is a small woody perennial biofuel-producing shrub. Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) are novel stress regulatory zinc-finger proteins and are mainly associated with tolerance against various environmental abiotic stresses in Jatropha. In the present study, the JcSAP gene family were analyzed comprehensively in Jatropha curcas and 11 JcSAP genes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis classified the JcSAP genes into four groups based on sequence similarity, similar gene structure features, conserved A20 and/or AN1 domains, and their responsive motifs. Moreover, the divergence analysis further evaluated the evolutionary aspects of the JcSAP genes with the predicted time of divergence from 9.1 to 40 MYA. Furthermore, a diverse range of cis-elements including light-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, and stress-responsive elements were detected in the promoter region of JcSAP genes while the miRNA target sites predicted the regulation of JcSAP genes via a candid miRNA mediated post-transcriptional regulatory network. In addition, the expression profiles of JcSAP genes in different tissues under stress treatment indicated that many JcSAP genes play functional developmental roles in different tissues, and exhibit significant differential expression under stress treatment. These results collectively laid a foundation for the functional diversification of JcSAP genes.

In-Depth Characterization of bZIP Genes in the Context of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis

“…In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary history of the BcbZIP genes in pak choi, the phylogenetic analysis resulted in the clustering of these genes into 10 distinct subfamilies (Figure 2). This classification scheme is consistent with previous findings from similar studies on bZIP gene families in numerous other plant species, including Arabidopsis [38], Sorghum [40], Cassava [13], and Grapevine [48]. The most BcbZIP genes were found in subgroup S, followed by subgroups A and D, while the least BcbZIP genes were found in subgroup H. These findings exhibit similarities to the observations made in G. biloba [49], A. thaliana [50], Populus [51], R. sativu [52], B. napus, and O. europaea [53], which contains the most bZIP members in S, A, I, and D subclasses.…”

“…To date, genome-wide investigations in numerous plants have been used to predict or identify the bZIP genes. A total of 75 bZIP genes have been identified in A. thaliana ([ 38 ]. A number of grass family (Gramineae) species have also had their genes characterized, including 187 genes in Triticum aestivum [ 39 ], 92 in Sorghum bicolor [ 40 ], 89 in Oryza sativa [ 41 ], 125 in Zea mays [ 42 ], and 96 in Brachypodium distachyon [ 43 ].…”

Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptional Analysis of the MYB Gene Family in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

“…To further estimate the replication events of the PgMYB gene, Ka (nonsynonymous substitutions) and Ks (synonymous substitutions) of the cognate gene pairs were calculated using the Ka/Ks calculation function of TBtools. The predicted time of detergence (T) was calculated as described previously [55].…”

Hydropriming and Osmotic Priming Induce Resistance against Aspergillus niger in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Activating β-1, 3-glucanase, Chitinase, and Thaumatin-like Protein Genes

“…Production of protein in stress conditions is mainly associated with plant defense responses against fungi [53]. In each priming treatment, protein content was observed to be significantly more increased than in the control.…”