Identified particle production and freeze-out properties in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan program

Das, S.

doi:10.1051/epjconf/20159008007

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This crossover transition [7] and ALICE (triangle) [8], and hadronization temperatures (circle) determined in Ref. [9].…”

Section: Energy Density In the Crossover Regionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The three sets of curves, characterizing the current uncertainty band on T pc , correspond to = 0.2, 0.35 and 0.56 GeV/fm 3 . Given the current uncertainties on T pc it is not too surprising that all results on freeze-out parameters (T f (µ B ), µ B ) obtained from the analysis of particle yields at the LHC [8] and RHIC [7] and even the rather large hadronization temperatures extracted in Ref. [9] allow to state that "hadronization and freeze-out of hadrons occur close to, or in the QCD crossover region" (see Fig.…”

Section: Energy Density In the Crossover Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lattice QCD results on cumulant ratios at freeze-out

Karsch

2017

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. Ratios of cumulants of net proton-number fluctuations measured by the STAR Collaboration show strong deviations from a skellam distribution, which should describe thermal properties of cumulant ratios, if proton-number fluctuations are generated in equilibrium and a hadron resonance gas (HRG) model would provide a suitable description of thermodynamics at the freeze-out temperature. We present some results on 6 th order cumulants entering the calculation of the QCD equation of state at non-zero values of the baryon chemical potential (µB) and discuss limitations on the applicability of HRG thermodynamics deduced from a comparison between QCD and HRG model calculations of cumulants of conserved charge fluctuations. We show that basic features of the µB-dependence of skewness and kurtosis ratios of net protonnumber fluctuations measured by the STAR Collaboration resemble those expected from a O(µ 2 B ) QCD calculation of the corresponding net baryon-number cumulant ratios. IntroductionA major goal in current experimental and theoretical studies of the thermodynamics of strong interaction matter is the exploration of its phase diagram. The hope is to find evidence for the existence of a second order phase transition point -the chiral critical point (CCP) -located at some value of the chemical potential, µ crit B [1]. This would be the starting point for a line of first order phase transitions at larger values of the baryon chemical potential µ B .At RHIC a dedicated research program -the beam energy scan (BES) -has been established that seeks evidence for the existence and location of the CCP. By varying the beam energy properties of matter in a regime of temperatures (T ) up to about three times the transition temperature, T pc ∼ 155 MeV [2,3], and baryon chemical potential up to µ B 3T can be probed. It is generally expected that conserved charge fluctuations, which are generated close to, or at the freeze-out temperature, T f (µ B ), can provide insight into the existence and location of the CCP. An important prerequisite for such studies, however, is to understand the thermodynamics of hot and dense matter in the crossover region and, in particular, close to freeze-out in QCD.In the following we will point out the importance of characterizing this regime in terms of QCD rather than hadron resonance gas (HRG) model calculations, which are quite successful in approximating QCD thermodynamics at sufficiently low temperatures, but definitely fail to capture important aspects of QCD thermodynamics visible in conserved charge fluctuations at temperatures T > ∼ 160 MeV.

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“…This crossover transition [7] and ALICE (triangle) [8], and hadronization temperatures (circle) determined in Ref. [9].…”

Section: Energy Density In the Crossover Regionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Energy Density In the Crossover Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice QCD results on cumulant ratios at freeze-out

Karsch

2017

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…The region µ B /T ≤ 2 corresponds to beam energies √ s N N ≥ 11.4 GeV in the RHIC beam energy scan. Obviously, the freeze-out parameters extracted from the beam energy scan data [39] do not follow any of the LCPs. However, the discrepancy between the freeze-out parameters determined at the LHC [40] and the highest beam energy at RHIC [39] suggests that also these determinations are not consistent among each other.…”

Section: Lines Of Constant Physics To O(µ 4 B )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table II). Data points show freeze-out temperatures determined by the STAR Collaboration in the BES at RHIC (squares) [39] and the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC (triangle) [40]. The circles denote hadronization temperatures obtained by comparing experimental data on particle yields with a hadronization model calculation [41].…”

Section: Lines Of Constant Physics To O(µ 4 B )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also shown in Fig. 15 (left) are results on freeze-out parameters and hadronization temperatures extracted from particle yields measured in heavy ion experiments [39][40][41] by comparing data with model calculations based on the hadron resonance gas models. The region µ B /T ≤ 2 corresponds to beam energies √ s N N ≥ 11.4 GeV in the RHIC beam energy scan.…”

Section: Lines Of Constant Physics To O(µ 4 B )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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QCD equation of state to O(μB6) from lattice QCD

et al. 2017

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We calculated the QCD equation of state using Taylor expansions that include contributions from up to sixth order in the baryon, strangeness and electric charge chemical potentials. Calculations have been performed with the Highly Improved Staggered Quark action in the temperature range T ∈ [135 MeV, 330 MeV] using up to four different sets of lattice cut-offs corresponding to lattices of size N 3 σ × Nτ with aspect ratio Nσ/Nτ = 4 and Nτ = 6 − 16. The strange quark mass is tuned to its physical value and we use two strange to light quark mass ratios ms/m l = 20 and 27, which in the continuum limit correspond to a pion mass of about 160 MeV and 140 MeV respectively. Sixth-order results for Taylor expansion coefficients are used to estimate truncation errors of the fourth-order expansion. We show that truncation errors are small for baryon chemical potentials less then twice the temperature (µB ≤ 2T ). The fourth-order equation of state thus is suitable for the modeling of dense matter created in heavy ion collisions with center-of-mass energies down to √ sNN ∼ 12 GeV. We provide a parametrization of basic thermodynamic quantities that can be readily used in hydrodynamic simulation codes. The results on up to sixth order expansion coefficients of bulk thermodynamics are used for the calculation of lines of constant pressure, energy and entropy densities in the T -µB plane and are compared with the crossover line for the QCD chiral transition as well as with experimental results on freeze-out parameters in heavy ion collisions. These coefficients also provide estimates for the location of a possible critical point. We argue that results on sixth order expansion coefficients disfavor the existence of a critical point in the QCD phase diagram for µB/T ≤ 2 and T /Tc(µB = 0) > 0.9.

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Flavored Aspects of QCD Thermodynamics from Lattice QCD

Kaczmarek

2022

Understanding the Origin of Matter

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Identified particle production and freeze-out properties in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan program

Cited by 27 publications

References 45 publications

Lattice QCD results on cumulant ratios at freeze-out

Lattice QCD results on cumulant ratios at freeze-out

QCD equation of state to O(μB6) from lattice QCD

Flavored Aspects of QCD Thermodynamics from Lattice QCD

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