Exploration of stage-specific effects of maternal exposure
to trace
elements and toxic metals on infancy continuous growth and trajectories
is critical for early-life health management. Within a Chinese prospective
cohort in 2014–2015, a total of 919 mother–infant pairs
were included, and the urinary levels of 17 elements including vanadium
(V), chromium (Cr), manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc,
arsenic, molybdenum, palladium, cadmium, tin, gold, mercury, thallium,
and lead in early (mean: 11.9 weeks), and late pregnancy (mean: 32.4
weeks) were assessed. Standardized anthropometric assessments of infants
were conducted at 1, 3, 6, 8, and 12 months of age. A three-step longitudinal
and high-dimensional data analysis procedure was carried out to estimate
the impacts of exposome on dynamic growth. Early-pregnancy exposures
to V and Cr were positively associated with repeated measurements
of length-for-age z-scores (LAZ). Six trajectories
were identified based on LAZ. Maternal single exposure to V and Cr
as well as mixed exposure to trace elements in early pregnancy were
associated with raised odds for the high-stable group. Our results
suggested positive associations between maternal trace element exposome
and infancy dynamic growth. V and Cr were the key elements and the
early pregnancy might be the critical window.